Enzymes
Enzyme that converts glucose to glucose-6-phosphate in the liver? In the muscle?
Glucokinase; hexokinase
Two products that negatively modulate pyruvate kinase
ATP & Acetyl CoA
First product of glycolysis pathway (hint: uses 1 ATP)
BONUS +100: Where does this occur?
Glucose 6-P
Cytosol
Enzyme converts galactose to galactose 1-P
Galactokinase
End products of aerobic glycolysis
BONUS +100: Where are these end products transported?
2 pyruvate & 2 net ATP
Mitochondria
Final enzyme that catalyzes the creation of pyruvate
Pyruvate kinase
Two products that positively modulate phosphofructokinase
AMP & ADP
Enolase aids in the conversion of 2-P-glycerate to ______
PEP
Enzyme (INSIDE the liver) converts fructose to fructose-1-P
Fructokinase
Where is the point of no return?
BONUS +100: Why is this the point of no return?
Conversion from Fructose 6-P to Fructose 1,6 bis-P
1 ATP is used
Enzyme converts glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate (Hint: bidirectional)
Glucose phosphate isomerase
Two products that negatively modulate phosphofructokinase
ATP & Citrate
Aldolase splits fructose 1,6 bis-phosphate into ______
DHAP & Glyceraldehyde 3-P
Enzyme used ONLY in anaerobic glycolysis
BONUS + 100: What energy product is "recycled" here?
Lactate dehydrogenase
NADH + H+ --> NAD+
After which point is there two of every product?
After conversion from Glyceraldehyde 3-P to 1,3 bis-P-glycerate
Enzyme converts fructose-6-phosphate to fructose 1,6 bis-phosphate
Phosphofructokinase
Two products that positively modulate pyruvate kinase
AMP & fructose 1,6 bis-phosphate
2 Glyceraldehyde 3-P ----> _____________
BONUS +100: What else is produced here? (hint: think shuttle systems)
2 1,3 bis-P-glycerate
2 NADH + H+
Enzyme converts Glucose 1-P to Glucose 6-P (Hint: seen in multiple reactions)
Glucose phosphate isomerase
Why must DHAP convert to Glyceraldehyde 3-P?
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase only works on Glyceraldehye 3-P
Enzyme involved in interconversion from DHAP to Glyceraldehyde 3-P
Triosephosphate isomerase
Products that positively modulate glucokinase
Insulin & Km
Phosphoglyceromutase converts __________ to __________
3-P-glycerate to 2-P-glycerate
Energy-using enzyme converts glyceraldehyde to glyceraldehyde 3-P (Hint: fructose is energy source)
Glyceraldehyde kinase
What are the names of the two shuttle systems and where are they found?
BONUS +100: How much ATP does each shuttle system each produce?
Malate aspartate (liver, kidney, heart) and Glycerol-3-P (brain, skeletal muscles)
Malate aspartate: 6 ATP (3 ATP/NADH)
Glycerol 3-P: 4 ATP (2 ATP/NADH)