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This was an effort by a white abolitionist to initiate an armed slave revolt in 1859 by taking over a United States arsenal at Harper's Ferry, Virginia. The leaders was accompanied by 20 men in his party, and was defeated by a platoon of U.S. Marines led by Colonel Robert E. Lee. The leader had originally asked Harriet Tubman and Frederick Douglass, both of whom he had met in his formative years as an abolitionist in Springfield, Massachusetts, to join him in his raid, but Tubman was prevented by illness, and Douglass declined, as he believed the plan would fail.
What is John Brown's Raid.