Logical Fallacies
What is Ad Hominem?
Attacking a person's character or personal traits rather than their argument.
This transition word is used to show a contrast, similar to "but."
However
An appeal to the audience’s emotions, like pity or fear.
Pathos
A comparison using "like" or "as."
Simile
The repetition of the same initial consonant sound in a sequence of words.
Alliteration
What is a Straw Man?
Misrepresenting someone's argument to make it easier to attack.
Use this word to indicate that one thing happened as a result of another.
Therefore / Consequently
An appeal to logic, facts, and statistics.
Logos
Describing an object as if it were a person.
Personification
When a character says one thing but means the opposite (sarcasm).
Verbal Irony
What is a False Dilemma?
Presenting only two options when more exist (e.g., "Either you're with us or against us").
This word is used when adding a new, supporting point to an existing idea.
Furthermore / Moreover
Using a celebrity or doctor to establish credibility and trust.
Ethos
An extreme exaggeration not meant to be taken literally.
Hyperbole
Dramatic Irony
What is Bandwagon?
Claiming something is true or good just because many people believe or do it.
Use this word to provide a specific instance of a general rule.
For example
"9 out of 10 dentists recommend this toothpaste" is an example of this appeal.
Logos
Language that appeals strongly to the five senses.
Imagery
A fire station burning down is an example of this.
Situational Irony
What is Slippery Slope?
Asserting that a relatively small first step will inevitably lead to a chain of related (usually negative) events.
This transition is used to wrap up an argument or summarize points.
In conclusion
A charity showing a photo of a shivering puppy to get donations is using this.
Pathos
Saying "The snow is a white blanket" is an example of this.
Metaphor
Intentionally using a word or phrase multiple times for emphasis.
Repetition