Epidemiology Catch all
The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states in specified populations, and the application of this study to control of health problems.
What is epidemiology?
A human who can get the disease.
What is the host?
The habitat in which the agent normally lives, grows, and multiplies (includes humans, animals, and the environment).
What is the reservoir [of an infectious agent]?
Mammograms and blood pressure screenings for early detection and diagnosis before the onset of symptoms are examples of this.
What are types of secondary prevention?
The number of cases divided by the size of the population per unit of time.
What is a rate?
This model contains the elements of host, agent, and environment.
What is the epidemiologic triangle?
An infectious microorganism or pathogen: a virus, bacterium, parasite, or other microbe.
What is the agent?
This involves contact between a person with the disease and another person, or droplet spread.
What is direct transmission?
This goal of this level of prevention is rehabilitation or treatment to reduce complications and disabilities.
What is tertiary prevention?
The frequency and pattern of health events in a population.
What is distribution?
This is another term for illness, or illness rate.
What is morbidity?
Extrinsic factors that affect the agent and the opportunity for exposure.
What is environment?
An epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents, usually affecting a large number of people.
What is a pandemic?
Health promotion and specific protection strategies such as seatbelts or immunizations are two examples of this.
What is primary prevention?
The number of existing cases (old and new) of a disease/condition in population over a specified time period.
What is a prevalence rate?
Any factor, whether event, characteristic, or other definable entity, that brings about a change in a health condition or other defined characteristic.
What are determinants?
According to the epidemiologic triangle, this is needed for disease to happen.
What is the interaction of the agent, host, and environment?
Transfer from a reservoir to a host by suspended air particles, inanimate objects (vehicles such as food), or animate intermediaries (vectors such as mosquitoes).
What is indirect transmission?
Primary prevention occurs during this period of the natural history of human disease.
What is the Prepathogenesis period?
(# of deaths in first 12 months x 1,000) divided by (# of live births for the same year)
What is an infant mortality rate?
The constant presence and/or usual prevalence of a disease or infectious agent in a population within a geographic area.
What is an endemic (i.e., baseline level of disease)?
The progression of a disease process in an individual over time, in the absence of treatment. (i.e., from susceptibility through exposure, subclinical disease [pathologic changes occur], onset of symptoms, usual diagnosis, clinical disease, and ending with the recovery, disability or death.)
What is the natural history of disease?
When the agent leaves its reservoir or host through a portal of exit, is conveyed by some mode of transmission, and enters through an appropriate portal of entry to infect a susceptible host.
What is the chain of infection?
This model of causes of disease includes the following categories of factors: Biological and behavioral; Environmental; Immunological; Nutritional; Genetic; and Services, social, and spiritual.
What is the BEINGS model/acronym?
A rate is converted to this to permit comparisons between different population groups (with a common denominator - usually 1,000 or 10,000 or 100,000).
What is a standard base rate (SBR)?