Hydrologic cycle
process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil
What is Infiltration?
Green roofs, bioswales, and rain gardens are examples of green infrastructure that absorb this.
What is stormwater?
the rate at which the rainfall falls (mm/h)
What is the rainfall intensity?
What energy source creates the most pollution in terms of CO2 in the atmosphere?
Coal
a graph showing the rate of flow (discharge) versus time past a specific point in a river, channel, or conduit carrying flow.
What is a hydrograph?
water on the surface of continents such as in a river, lake, or wetland
What is surface water?
Stormwater that runs off of streets, sidewalks, and rooftops can collect examples of this.
What are contaminants (litter, oils, sediment, etc.)?
the time period over which the rainfall falls (minutes, hours or days)
What is the rainfall duration?
Energy is not created or destroyed, it transforms into other forms of energy
What is the Law of Conservation of Energy or the 1st law of thermodynamics?
where most of the freshwater in the world exists
What are ice caps and glaciers?
what collects rainwater runoff, domestic sewage, and industrial wastewater into one pipe.
What are Combined Sewers/Combined Sewer Systems (CSS)?
These typically include pervious concrete, porous asphalt, paving stones and interlocking pavers and are a method of paving vehicle and pedestrian pathways to enable infiltration of stormwater runoff.
What is Permeable pavement?
an approach the solving hydrology problems (more notably determines the depth of runoff) in a given area due to its land type using Curve Numbers and state rainfall data
What is the NRCS method?
Resources that once used are gone or resources that take a long time to regenerate/grow
What are non-renewable resources?
Vtotal-Vrunoff
Vinfiltration or Volume of Infiltration
an area or ridge of land that separates waters flowing to different rivers, basins, or seas.
What is a watershed?
The roof of a building that is partially or completely covered with vegetation and a growing medium, planted over a waterproofing membrane
What is a Green Roof?
method of determining the volume of runoff by determining the intensity of a rain event with the given "runoff coefficient- C"
electricity produced from hydropower, mostly in the form of a dam.
What is hydroelectric power
is a graphical representation of the distribution of rainfall intensity over time.
What is a hyetograph?
This contains untreated or partially treated human and industrial waste, toxic materials, and debris as well as stormwater and are a priority water pollution concern for the nearly 860 municipalities across the U.S.
What are Combined Sewer Overflows?
Climate change will impact urban infrastructure networks by changing precipitation patterns in a region. This is a shallow, bowl-shape area that collects water runoff from impervious surfaces most notable in urban areas along city streets.
What are rain gardens/planter boxes?
The intensity and duration of a storm event paired with the land type in question
What affects how much runoff we have?
the ratio of the useful work performed by a machine or in a process to the total energy expended or heat taken in
What is efficiency?
Name examples of how can green infrastructure help reduce the presence of pollution.
- Natural filtration of pollutants through plant, soil and root structures
- Helps manage amount of water entering sewer, decreasing the likelihood of CSO events for combined systems