Microbio Before
genetic recombination in prokaryotic DNA (3)
1. transformation
2. transduction
3. conjugation
what are fungal walls made of?
chitin
what is the main photosynthetic pigment?
chlorophyll a
complete flower vs incomplete flower
complete- contains all four floral organs
incomplete- lack one or more floral organs
what are the 3 cell layers (germ layers)
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm
how do prokaryotes reproduce?
quickly by binary fission
how does fungi communicate to mates?
sexual signalling molecules called pheromones
where do the light dependent and independent reactions occur?
in the thylakoid and stroma
what are the 2 germination types?
epigeal (above ground)
hypogeal (below ground)
what are the 2 basic body plans of cnidaria?
medusae and polyp
bacteria flagella are composed of what
a motor, hook and filament
what are lichens?
a lichen is a symbiotic association between a phtosynthetic microorganism and a fungus
what is the function of xylem and phloem?
xylem moves water and minerals upwards (1 way) dead cells
phloem moves sugars and other nutrients both directions (2 ways) live cells
what is an epiphyte?
it grows on another plant and obtains water and minerals from rain
what is the chelicerata?
-pointed, fang-like appendages, lack jaws, used to grasp food
what are facultative anaerobes
can survive with or without oxygen
what is coenocytic fungi?
fungi that lacks septa and have a continuous cytoplasmic mass with hundreds or thousands of nuclei
what are the three types of non vascular plants?
liverworts, mosses, hornworts
what is nitrogen fixation?
-process of converting nitrogen gas into ammonia
how many cells do humans have?
36 trillion
what does SAR stand for?
supergroup named for the first letters of its three major clades stramenopiles (brown algae), alveolates (dinoflagellates), and rhizarians (forams)
what is mycosis?
the general term for a fungal infection in animals
why are charophytes are important?
researchers have identified that green algae (charophytes) are the closest relatives to land plants
list the steps of the angiosperm lifecycle (5)
- gametophyte development
- pollination
- double fertilization
- seed development
-fruits
anme the 5 adaptations employed to minimaize/maximize heat loss?
1. insulation
2. circulatory adaptations
3. evaporative cooling
4. behavioural responses
5. adjusting metabolic heat production