Attitudes & Persuasion
Judgements or evaluations of someone or something, they can be positive, negative or mixed
What is an attitude?
The increased commitment people have toward a group after enduring difficult or embarrassing tasks to become a member. It's not hazing
What is the initiation effect?
Expectations that affect how were treated, such that the expectations are now more likely to come true
What is the self-fulfilling prophecy?
Behaviors that help others, regardless of one's motive to do so
What is prosocial behavior?
This model views mental illness as biologically based, often related to the brain
What is the biomedical model?
The disorder includes a chronic way of thinking, feeling and behaving that violates social norms and causes distress or problems in functioning
What is a personality disorder?
This category of mental illness is the most controversial illness discussed in the textbook
What is dissociative identity disorder?
The chemical interventions [psychiatric medications] are usually designed to increase or decrease the activity of
What are neurotransmitters?
A general term for talking about your problems with a counselor or therapist
What is psychotherapy?
This therapy focuses on gaining insight that connect current and childhood emotions, motivations, thoughts and behaviors
What is psychodynamic therapy?
The uncomfortable and anxiety producing experience that occurs when our thoughts, feelings or behaviors don't align with each other or contradict each other
What is cognitive dissonance?
This is an important theoretical explanation for social loafing
What is diffusion of responsibility?
This model breaks stereotype content into two major perceptions: warmth and competence
What is the Stereotype Content Model?
Helping others with no expectation of reward
What is pure altruism?
This model proposes that health and illness are products of interactions among biological, psychological and sociocultural factors
What is the biopsychosocial model?
This cluster of personality disorders includes the "dramatic and erratic," highly emotional personalities
What is cluster B?
Which disorder involves the loss of the connection between thoughts, perceptions, emotions and memories that disrupt one's sense of self
What is dissociative disorders?
SSRI stands for
What is selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors?
This theory uses classical conditioning to treat anxiety related disorders. AKA: "Nothing Bad Happened" or "Face your Fears" therapy
What are exposure theories?
Therapists are legally and ethically bound to keep the content of therapy sessions private. This is one of the fundamental principles of psychotherapy
What is confidentiality?
What's it called when you didn't like a song at first but then you begin to like it because it's being playing constantly on the radio?
What is mere exposure?
The psychology behind hazing and the initiation effect is usually explained through. We convince ourselves that a great deal of effort must have been worth it.
What is effort justification?
When we learn stereotypes by imitating what we see other people doing
What is Social Learning Theory?
This is what it's called when you help others for some sort of personal benefit - while helping another, you're also helping yourself
What is egoistic altruism?
This term refers to patterns in which two or more health conditions often occur at the same time in a single person
What is comorbidity?
An intense fear of social situations in which people anticipate being negatively evaluated
HINT: it's a disorder
What is social anxiety disorder?
The mental illness most associated with psychosis
What is schizophrenia?
A form of therapy in which you attempt to gain more control over normally involuntary bodily functions
What is biofeedback?
This type of therapy focuses on changing irrational and unhealthy thought patterns that cause someone problems
What is cognitive therapy?
When therapy integrates whatever theories, techniques and approaches apply to meet the needs of a particular client
What is the eclectic approach?
Thinking of the three components used to define attitudes, which one involves an emotional response
What is the affective component?
When we work harder to impress people, either to show off [if were good at a task] or not embarrassing ourselves [if were not good at a task].It's one of the two major theoretical explanations to explain why social facilitation occurs
What is evaluation apprehension?
In the theories for the origin of stereotypes and prejudice, this is an evolutionary instinct that proposes that rapid stereotyping helped or ancestors survive
What is adaptive categorization?
Of the two types of aggression, this one is a thoughtful or reason-based decision to harm others to gain resources
What is instrumental-proactive aggression?
Mental health vs mental illness isn't a binary system with nothing in between. Instead it's known as a mental health ________
What is continuum?
The psychological disorder that the Peanuts character Charlie Brown would suffer from
What is generalized anxiety disorder?
In schizophrenia positive symptoms are _______ to normal experience while negative symptoms _______ from the normal experience
What are additions and subtractions?
Stimulants help a brain's attention systems work better. This is why the text asks you to think about stimulants as
What is a brain organizer?
Which therapy utilizes the principles of operant conditioning
What is applied behavior analysis?
The phrase representing the Gestalt philosophy
What is "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts".
This effect is more likely if an object is attractive and/or abstract
What is mere exposure?
This effect is not unique to humans, it has been observed in grazing cattle and capuchin monkeys
What is social facilitation?
Psychologists use affective, behavioral & cognitive components distinguish between stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination. Match each component with the correct term [e.g., stereotype would be cognitive]
What are prejudice is affective and discrimination is behavioral?
Which theory of prosocial behavior proposes that we know that if we don't help, we'll feel guilty or sad - so we help to avoid those negative feelings
What is negative state relief?
This book describes the categories and features of all the psychological disorders currently recognized by the American Psychiatric Association - the full title not the acronym
What is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-5-TR. Will accept the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual.
This psychological perspective tries to explain anxiety as it helps us to detect potential threats in our environment and stay safe resulting in longer survival and reproductive success
What is evolutionary psychology?
This negative symptom of schizophrenia involves a loss of enjoyment in previously enjoyed activities
What is anhedonia or lack of pleasure
An SNRI does what at/in the synapse?
What are blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin?
WILL ACCEPT: What is blocks the reuptake?
Freud's idea that we have two contradictory impulses that guide our behavior - the life drive & the death drive
What is the dual instinct theory?
In Albert Ellis's ABCDE model of cognitive behavioral therapy, what the A stands for
What is activating or activating event?