The Self
An overall set of beliefs that people have about their personal attributes
Self Concept
Which culture values non-conformity?
America
Which type of groups are most cohesive?
Homogenous groups
Difference between Instrumental and Hostile Aggression?
Instrumental: Aggression as a means to some goal other than causing pain
Hostile: Aggression stemming from feelings of anger and aimed at inflicting pain or injury
The desire to help another person with the goal of benefiting another person
Atruism
Idea that when people focus their attention on themselves, they evaluate and compare their behavior to their internal standards and values
Self-Awareness Theory
Relying on others as a source of information to guide our behavior, which leads to conformity because we believe that others interpretations of the ambiguous situation is correct
Informational Social Influence
What type of groups perform better?
Diverse groups
Is aggression innate or learned?
Yes
Idea that much of what we do stems from the desire to maximize our rewards and minimize our costs
Social Exchange Theory
Making mistaken inferences about what is causing individuals to feel the way they do
Misattribution of Arousal
Two reasons we conform
1) See others as a source of info to guide our behavior
2) Believe that others interpretation of situations is more correct than ours
People do better on simple tasks and worse on complex tasks when they are in the presence of others and their individual performance can be evaluated
Social-Facilitation
What is relational aggression and who perpetuates it most?
3 basic motives underlying prosocial behavior (Theory names)
Evolutionary psych, Social Exchange Theory, and Empathy-Altruism Hypotheses
Difference between Intrinsic vs Extrinsic Motivation
Intrinsic: Engaging in an activity because of enjoyment and interest, not external rewards or pressures
Extrinsic: Engaging in an activity because of external reasons, not because of enjoyment and interest
The rapid spread of emotions or behaviors through a crowd?
Contagion
Social Norms, Social Roles, Group Cohesivness, and Group Diversity
Social-Cognitive Learning Theory
What is the best way to decrease the effects of the bystander effect in an emergency situation?
Call out someone specific and direct them on what to do (i.e. you in the red shirt call 911)
What are the 4 main functions of the self?
Self-Knowledge, Self-control, Impression management, and Self-Esteem
Experiment where participants were asked to shock confederates to near deadly levels
Milgram's Study
What 4 steps can leaders take to avoid groupthink?
Remain impartial, Seek outside opinions, Create subgroups, and seek anonymous opinions
What helps decrease aggressions (Name 4 of 7)
Self-Awareness, Communication Skills, Journaling, Deep Breathing exercises, Anger Management Skills, Empathizing, and Learning to apologize
The prosocial gaming experiment discussed in class by Greitmeyer and Oswald showed us that prosocial video games do what to players?
Increase access to prosocial thoughts leading to more prosocial behavior