Feds v. AntiFeds
Proposes a government broken into three branches: Executive, Legislative, and Judicial.
Federalist 51
Established the Legislative Branch of Government
Article I of Constitution
Declared the doctrine of separate but equal, effectively ending school segregation in the south.
Brown v. Board of Education.
Governments are created to protect Natural rights
Declaration of Independence
Freedom of Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition
A strong, united republic would be more effective than the individual states at controlling “factions”.
Federalist 10
Established the Executive Branch
Article II of the Constitution
Majority opinion decided that states could not compel students to attend school beyond the age of 14 if it was part of their religious beliefs.
Wisconsin v. Yoder
It's opinion established Judicial Review for the courts.
Marbury v. Madison
Right to bear arms
Amendment 2
Argues that unity in the executive branch is a main ingredient for both energy and safety. Energy arises from the proceedings of a single person, characterized by, "decision, activity, secrecy, and dispatch," while safety arises from the unitary executive's unconcealed accountability to the people.
Federalist 70
Established the Judicial Branch
Article III of Constitution
This majority opinion helped protect students free speech rights as long as it doesn't create a disruption to the normal school day.
Tinker v. Des Moines
Placed limitations upon central government rendering it ineffective at governing the growing American states.
Articles of Confederation
No Cruel and Unusual Punishment
8th Amendment
An Antifederalist series of essays designed to encourage New Yorkers to reject the proposed Constitution
A bill of rights was necessary to protect the people from the government
Brutus 1
This opinion declared racial gerrymandering unconstitutional.
Shaw v. Reno
Majority opinion declared that speech that creates a clear and present danger is not protected.
Schenck v. United States
McCulloch v. Maryland
Rights not listed are NOT denied to the People
The design of the judicial branch protects the Supreme Court’s independence as a branch of government, and the emergence and use of judicial review remains a powerful judicial practice.
Federalist 78
this majority opinion concluded that federal courts have the authority to enforce the requirement of equal protection of the law against state officials even in the case of redistricting.
Baker v. Carr
It is up to the oppressed to take charge and demand equality.
Letter from a Birmingham Jail
Reduced the power of Congress by restricting the use of the Commerce Clause.
United States v. Lopez
Established the principle of selective incorporation for other Amendments
14th Amendment