SCOTUS
Prayer over school announcement violates what clause and amendment?
Establishment Clause, 1st Amendment
What Clause under the 14th amendment protects civil rights?
Equal Protection Clause
Which amendment protects the Miranda Rights?
5th amendment
Equal protection and treatment under the law, free from discrimination.
Civil Rights
The third amendment prohibits soldiers from quartering in homes.
What is a writ of cert?
lower courts are ordered to deliver its record in a case so that the higher court may review it/SCOTUS agrees to hear the case
19th Amendment
What are the 1st amendment rights?
speech, press, petition, religion, assembly
Individual freedoms and Liberties from government actions that may infringe or personal.
Civil Liberties
Civil rights are meant to protect groups from _________, and ____ be taken ______ if not ________.
Civil rights are meant to protect groups from discrimination, and can be taken away if not discriminatory.
What is the Rule of four?
if four justices vote to grant cert, it is granted
What required document did MLK write?
Letter From Birmingham Jail
obscenity, fighting words, libel, commercial speech
Prohibits the government from establishing an official religion or favoring one over another.
Establishment Clause
1st 5 words of the 1st amendment:
“Congress shall make no ___ respecting”
Congress shall make no law respecting
What is a concurring opinion?
agrees with majority, might want to add their thoughts or have different reasoning
Name three tactics used during the Civil Rights Movement.
Sit-ins, boycotts, marches, freedom rides, litigation, voter registration.
Name 2 exceptions to the 4th amendment search and seizure.
Plain sight, permission, exigent circumstances
Speech that is likely to incite violence or harm.
Fighting Words
Civil liberties are ____________ freedoms __________ for all citizens to protect the individual from government __________.
Civil liberties are Constitutional freedoms guaranteed for all citizens to protect the individual from government interference.
What is judicial activism?
Interpreting the constitution with a modern lens, judges are more likely to overturn laws.
What is the exclusionary rule?
Prevents evidence obtained through illegal searches and seizures from being used in court due to violation of 4th amendment
What is due process?
Due process is a requirement that legal matters be resolved according to established rules and principles, and that individuals be treated fairly.
In 5th and 6th amendments, guarantees that individuals will not be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process.
Due Process Clause
Affirmative Action is the practice or policy of favoring _______ belonging to groups regarded as disadvantaged or subject to __________.
the practice or policy of favoring individuals belonging to groups regarded as disadvantaged or subject to discrimination