Types of Government
A small group of people hold the power in a government.
Government run by religion or controlled by religious leaders
Theocracy
A body of people, living in a defined territory, organized politically (meaning that they have a government), and with the power to make and enforce law.
State
Says that governments evolved from families. The heads of these families became the government. When these families settled in one territory and claimed it as their own, they became a sovereign state.
Evolutionary Theory
Branch of Government created by Article I of the Constitution
Legislative Branch
Ensures that the individual rights that are not enumerated in the Constitution are secure
Right to a trial by jury in Civil/Common Law Cases
7th Amendment
This document established the United States as an independent country.
The Declaration of Independence
Power is shared between central and local governments
Federal System
Government where the people have the power
Democracy
Population: people to live there
Territory: a place to live
Sovereignty: absolute power within its own territory
Government: they must be politically organized
The 4 characteristics of a state
An individual or group claimed control over a territory and forced the population to submit. In this way, the state became sovereign, and those in control formed a government.
Force Theory
What do the following things describe?
Providing leadership
Providing Public Services
Maintaining Order
Providing National Security
Purposes of Government
Protects against the forced quartering of troops
3rd Amendment
Protects against cruel and unusual punishment and guards against excessive bail and fines
8th Amendment
The three branches of government established by the Constitution.
Executive
Legislative
Judicial
One person holds all of the power in government
Dictatorship
Government ruled by a king, queen, or emperor.
Monarchy
An ethnic term referring to races or other large groups of people. They can be united by race, religion, language or other factors that the people think unite them.
Nation
Big Idea: All human beings have natural rights
John Locke
In a ________ democracy, people vote directly on issues.
Direct Democracy
Guarantees a trial by jury and due process of law and guards against double-jeopardy and self-incrimination
5th Amendment
Guarantees the freedom of religion, speech, and the press
1st Amendment
What was one of the major weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?
Weak central government.
the government controls all aspects of citizens' lives.
Authoritarian Government
People elect their chief executive and legislature separately.
Presidential system
Big Idea: Social Contract theory… people give up their rights in order to get protection from the government
Thomas Hobbs
Life
Liberty
Property (land)
Natural Rights
In a __________ democracy, people elect representatives to vote on issues for them.
Representative Democracy
Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures
4th Amendment
Outlines the rights of the accused, including a speedy and public trial
6th Amendment
Causes of the American Revolution
French and Indian War
Stamp Act
Intolerable Act
Boston Tea Party
Strong central government and weak local governments
Unitary system
People elect their legislature and the legislature elects the chief executive.
Parliamentary system.
Says that states exist to serve their people. If people didn't have government, they would live in a “state of nature” where life would be complicated, nasty, horrible, and short.
Social Contract Theory
In a society, it is the ______________ purpose to protect those rights
government’s
Big idea: there should be 3 branches of government
Montesquieu
Guarantees the right to bear arms
2nd Amendment
Branch of Government created by Article II of the Constitution
Executive Branch
The first 10 amendments to the constitution are called?
The Bill of Rights
Union of independent states with a very weak central government
Confederacy
An institution through which leaders exercise powers to make and enforce laws affecting the people under its control.
Government
Says that God created the state and gave those of royal birth a “divine right” to rule. The people were bound to obey their ruler as they would obey God. Opposition to the “divine right of kings” was both a crime and a sin.
Divine Right Theory
Name this Right articulate by John Locke: If the government does not protect those rights, the people have the right to overthrow the government.
The Right to Revolution
Land = Wealth = ?
Power
Limits the power of the federal government by reserving all of the rights for the States not enumerated in the Constitution as national rights, nor denied to states
10th Amendment
Branch of Government created by Article III of the Constitution.
Judicial Branch
What population did the 3/5ths Compromise affect?
Slaves