Media Foundations
This theory argues that opinion leaders are exposed to media and then share information with others.
What is the two-step flow of communication?
This term can be broadly defined as knowledge, skills, processes, methods, and tools.
What is technology?
The idea that self-selected exposure and algorithmic exposure on platforms lead to systems of reinforcing like-mindedness.
What are filter bubbles or echo chambers?
This social media influencer became the target of threats after a partnership with the brand Bud Light.
Who is Dylan Mulvaney?
A selection of a larger population chosen to complete a survey as a representation of the larger population.
What is a sample?
The Manuscript, Robin, London Boy, Betty, This is me Trying, Karma, All too Well, Style, Cardigan, Anti-Hero, Blank Space, Cruel Summer.
Who is T Swizzle?
This theory asks media practitioners to consider why audiences seek out certain types of media and attempts to explain some of the reasons why humans use media and what they hope to gain by using different forms of media.
What is uses and gratifications theory?
A version of the internet where countries create their own firms and infrastructures according to specific state-granted political freedoms and content rules, instead of having one global Internet generally aligned with the expressive and commercial aims of US-based companies.
What is splintered internet?
A concept scholars use to describe where the heart of political communication beats – and platforms play a central role in it.
What is the public sphere?
This theory of free expression suggests that free speech reduces the risk of political violence by giving people an opportunity to express their frustrations openly.
What is the safety valve?
This type of polarization concerns the personal dislike or animosity between different groups.
What is affective polarization?
Joy, Waiting for a Miracle, Euthanasia, Hit this Hard, Patient, Feeling Whitney, White Iverson, Better Now, Circles, rockstar, Sunflower
Who is Post Malone?
This theory argues that media practitioners direct us to issues they deem most important. For example, there may be multiple armed conflicts occurring at the same time, but media outlets focus on only one or two.
What is agenda setting?
Media that consist of information in binary bits of 1s and 0s – which is at the heart of much modern communication (i.e., computers, Apple Watches, video games, digital photographs, etc.).
What is digital media?
Publics that are opposed to, in conflict with, or otherwise challenge the dominant public(s).
What are counterpublics?
The metaphor coined by John Stuart Mill to describe the value of competing ideas and the need for free speech.
What is the marketplace of ideas?
A statistic indicating how much random sampling error exists in the results of a poll or survey.
What is margin of error?
Love Life, Down Low, Nunchucks, Celebrity Skin, MOOO!, Freak, You Right, Paint the Town Red, Say So, Woman, Kiss Me More (Ft SZA).
Who is Doja Cat?
This theory is derived from studies attempting to understand children's use of television in the 1960s.
What is cultivation?
Data-intensive technologies that rely on algorithms to deliver content, goods, services, relationships, etc., to users.
What are platforms?
A thin-centered ideology that considers society to be ultimately separated into two homogenous and antagonistic groups: “the pure people” and “the corrupt elite.
What is populism?
This generation is least likely to participate in boycotting and/or buycotting?
Who are baby boomers?
This is the most common type of polling method in 2025.
What is online opt-in only?
Impossible Things, Far Enough, Tell Me No, All the Man that I Need, Run to You, Where do Broken Hearts Go, When You Believe (Prince of Egypt), How Will I Know, I Will Always Love You, Higher Love, I Wanna Dance with Somebody
Who is Whitney Houston?
This theory suggests that people consume political media for a variety of reasons including entertainment, information seeking, and to reduce uncertainty.
What is uses and gratifications theory?
This includes things such as constitutions and institutional designs that are structural (i.e., they provide the rules of the game).
What is polity?
An ideological disposition focused on challenging the status quo by “advocating sweeping political change, represents a form of hostility against the status quo and its establishment.”
What is radicalism?
The form of ethics pioneered by Jürgen Habermas and dependent on the existence of an ideal speech situation.
What is deliberative ethics?
This sometimes causes respondents to a poll or survey to provide inaccurate information if they fear they may be judged by the pollster.
What is social desirability bias?
Best Clockmaker on Mars, Make Art Not Friends, Played Out, Juanita, A Little Light, Life of Sin, Long White Line, You Can Have the Crown, Turtles all the Way Down, Life Ain't Fair and the World is Mean, Sam
Who is Sturgill Simpson?
Based on their watchdog function, some refer to the media as this, distinct from the clergy, the nobility, and the commoners.
What is the fourth estate?
This movement in South Africa starting in 2015 was facilitated by social media and focused on removing references to colonial figures.
What is Rhodes Must Fall?
A political disposition characterized by no room for debate or disagreement and views or methods that often include violent rhetoric and behavior.
What is extremism?
The use of the market as an arena for politics in order to change institutional or market practices found to be ethically, environmentally, or politically objectionable.
What is political consumerism?
Pollsters use this process to correct for problems like high refusal rates or difficulty reaching a subset of the population to ensure that the voices of different groups are accurately represented in a poll’s results
What is weighting?
Hope Not, Yeah Yeah Yeah, Ready for Love, Whistle, Kick It, Pink Venom, Kill this Love, How You Like That, Sour Candy
Who are Blackpink?