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Apportionment of states' voting districts, the 14th Amendment, and the Equal Protection.
Baker v. Carr (1962)
Students do not have a First Amendment right to make obscene speeches in school.
Bethel School District #43 v. Fraser (1987)
Random drug tests of students involved in extracurricular activities do not violate the Fourth Amendment.
Pottawatomie County v. Earls (2002)
Separate schools are not equal.
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
States cannot nullify decisions of the federal courts.
Cooper v. Aaron (1958)
School-initiated prayer in the public school system violates the First Amendment.
Engel v. Vitale (1962)
Indigent defendants must be provided representation without charge.
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
Students are entitled to certain due process rights.
Goss v. Lopez (1975)
Colleges and universities have a legitimate interest in promoting diversity.
Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)
Administrators may edit the content of school newspapers.
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988)
Allowed for interracial marriage according to the 14th Amendment.
Loving v. Virginia (1967)
To prove libel, a public official must show that what was said against them was made with actual malice.
New York Times v. Sullivan (1964)
Established the doctrine of judicial review.
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
The Constitution gives the federal government certain implied powers.
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
Police must inform suspects of their rights before questioning.
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
Students have a reduced expectation of privacy in school.
New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985)
"separate but equal."
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
It is cruel and unusual punishment to execute persons for crimes they committed before age 18.
Roper v. Simmons (2005)
Students may not use a school's loudspeaker system to offer student-led or student-initiated prayers.
Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe (2000)
Stop and frisks do not violate the Constitution under certain circumstances.
Terry v. Ohio (1968)
Even offensive speech, such as flag burning, is protected by the First Amendment.
Texas v. Johnson (1989)
Students do not leave their rights at the schoolhouse door.
Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)
The President is not above the law.
U.S. v. Nixon (1974)
Random drug tests of student athletes do not violate the 4th Amendment's prohibition of unreasonable searches and seizures.
Vernonia School District v. Acton (1995)
Certain school voucher programs are constitutional.
Zelma v. Simmons-Harris (2002)