Forms of Government
anarchy:
the absence of any organized government
power
is the ability to exercise one’s will over others
politics:
a means of studying a nation’s or group’s underlying social norms as values as evidenced
through its political structure and practices
bartering:
when people exchange one form of goods or services for another
global assembly lines:
where products are assembled over the course of several international
transactions
absolute monarchies:
governments wherein a monarch has absolute or unmitigated power
authority
power that people accept because it comes from a source that is perceived as legitimate
one person, one vote:
a concept holding that each person’s vote should be counted equally
money:
an object that a society agrees to assign a value to so it can be exchanged as payment
global commodity chains:
where internationally integrated economic links connect workers and
corporations for the purpose of manufacture and marketing
democracy:
a form of government that provides all citizens with an equal voice or vote in
determining state policy
rational-legal authority:
power that is legitimized by rules, regulations, and laws
totalitarian dictatorship:
an extremely oppressive form of dictatorship in which most aspects of
citizens’ lives are controlled by the leader
mercantilism:
an economic policy based on national policies of accumulating silver and gold by
controlling markets with colonies and other countries through taxes and customs charges
automation
workers being replaced by technology
monarchy:
a form of government in which a single person (a monarch) rules until that individual
dies or abdicates the throne
patrimonialism:
a type of authority wherein military and administrative factions enforce the
power of the master
traditional authority:
power legitimized on the basis of long-standing customs
subsistence farming:
when farmers grow only enough to feed themselves and their families
Polarization
when the differences between low-end and high-end jobs becomes greater and the
number of people in the middle levels decreases
oligarchy:
a form of government in which power is held by a small, elite group
charismatic authority:
power legitimized on the basis of a leader’s exceptional personal qualities
totalitarian dictatorship:
an extremely oppressive form of dictatorship in which most aspects of
citizens’ lives are controlled by the leader
socialism:
an economic system in which there is government ownership (often referred to as “state
run”) of goods and their production, with an impetus to share work and wealth equally among
the members of a society
structural unemployment,
when there is a societal level of disjuncture between people seeking
jobs and the jobs that are available