Absolute Monarchs
How did European Monarchs justify their position as absolute ruler?
Divine Right
Which group directly challenged the idea of Divine Right and Absolute Monarchy?
Enlightenment Thinkers
Government is a contract between rulers and people (social contract)
Rousseau
During the Enlightenment, many philosophers relied on which of the following when making a decision?
reason
What is separation of church and state?
the belief that the government should have no say in religious matters and that religious beliefs should not impact government decisions
Who was the Sun King?
Louis XIV
Who wrote "The Social Contract"?
Rousseau
Women are not naturally inferior to men. Rather, women have not been given the same educational opportunities as men.
Wollstonecraft
Natural Rights are...
the basic rights that all people are guaranteed to have, such as life, liberty, and property
What is the ability of one branch of government to limit the power of other branches called?
checks and balances
"Kings are rightfully called Gods since they exercise a divine power on earth" what kind of ruler would issue this statement?
Absolute Monarchy
Who wrote about women's rights?
Mary Wollstonecraft
Monarchs are not chosen by God. Consent of the governed for protection of natural rights (life, liberty, and property).
Locke
A social contract is...
is an agreement between citizens and the government in which the citizens give up some freedoms that would exist in a state of nature in exchange for protection provided by the government.
What did John Locke believe the rights of life, liberty and property were?
natural rights
What do autocracy and absolute monarchy have in common?
Both are ruled by one.
Who wrote Leviathan?
Hobbes
Humans are naturally evil and selfish. The state must have a central authority to manage behavior. Humans look to government for self-protection.
Hobbes
Separation of Powers means that...
the division of government powers into 3 branches (legislative, executive, and judicial) to prevent anyone from gaining too much power.
Which English Monarch was "married to her country"?
Elizabeth
Who spent most of their country's wealth building a palace in homage to himself?
Louis XIV
The best form of government includes separation of powers
Montesquieu
Religious toleration. Separation of church and states.
Voltaire
Ruling by general will means...
making government decisions based on the customs and beliefs of the majority of a nation’s citizens
Enlightenment thinkers contributed to changes in relationships between citizens and government through their belief that...
Governments should protect citizens' rights