What's that called?
What is a complex molecule that is foreign to your body? (p.379)
Antigen
In what disease of red blood cells are body cells unable to get enough oxygen, and are unable to carry on their usual activities? (p.370)
Anemia
Anemia has many causes including loss of large amounts of blood, diet lacking iron or certain vitamins, and inherited problems due to the structure of the red blood cells.
What is a protein that is made in response to a specific antigen that can attach to that antigen and cause it to be useless? (p.379)
Antibody
What is a disease in which one or more types of white blood cells are made in excessive numbers? (p.370)
Leukemia
In Leukemia, immature white blood cells fill the bone marrow, and crowd out the normal mature cells. Then, not enough red blood cells, normal white blood cells, and platelets can be made.
What is immunity that results when antibodies produced in one animal are introduced into another's body? (p.380)
Passive Immunity
Passive immunity does not last as long as active immunity.
What disease is caused by fatty deposits that build up on arterial walls? It is one of the leading causes of heart disease. (p.374)
Atherosclerosis.
If a coronary artery is blocked, a heart attack can occur.
What is the long-lasting immunity that results when the body makes its own antibodies in response to a specific antigen? (p.380)
Active Immunity
What is a condition of the cardiovascular system that occurs when blood pressure is higher than normal most of the time? (p.375)
Hypertension.
When a person has hypertension, the heart must work harder to keep blood flowing. One cause of hypertension is atherosclerosis.
What is the process of heating a liquid to a temperature that kills most bacteria? (p.381)
Pasteurization
What is the name of the group of closely related diseases that result from uncontrolled cell growth? (p.387)
Cancer.
In cancer cells,
1. cell growth is uncontrolled
2. these cells do not function as part of your body
3. the cells take up space and interfere with normal body functions
4. the cells travel throughout the body
5. the cells produce tumors and abnormal growths anywhere in your body
What are the four steps that the response of your immune system to disease-causing organisms is divided into? (p.378)
Recognition: white blood cell surrounds a pathogen, and signals T cells. More T cells are produced. Helper T cells signal B cells.
Mobilization: B cells produce antibodies
Disposal: antibodies destroy pathogens
Immunity: some antibodies remain for future use
What is a disease that is caused by a virus, bacterium, fungus, or protist, that is spread from one person to another? (p.383)
Infectious disease.
Infectious diseases are spread by direct contact with the infected organism, through water and air, on food, by contact with contaminated objects, and by disease-carrying organisms called vectors.
In contrast, non-infectious diseases are not spread from one person to another.
What disease attacks the body's immune system? (p.385)
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
An HIV infection may lead to AIDS. AIDS attacks the helper T-cells in the immune system. The virus enters the T-cell and multiplies. If enough T-cells are destroyed, not enough B-cells are stimulated to produce antibodies. The immune system is then unable to fight HIV or any other virus.
Does a vaccine help you develop active or passive immunity? (p.379)
Active immunity.
A vaccine is a form of the antigen that gives you active immunity against a disease. A vaccine can help prevent a disease, but it is not a cure.
What do we call substances that can cause an allergic response? (p.386)
Having a healthy lifestyle is important for the health of your cardiovascular system. Regular check-ups, a healthful diet, and exercise are all part of a heart-healthy lifestyle.
What is another way to prevent cardiovascular disease? (p.375)
Do not smoke!
Smoking causes blood vessels to contract and makes the heart beat faster and harder. Smoking also increases carbon monoxide levels in the blood. Not smoking helps prevent heart disease, and a number of respiratory system problems.
Why do we wash a small wound with soap and water before applying a bandage? (p.385)
This is the first step to preventing an infection. Cleaning the wound with antiseptic and covering it with a bandage are other steps. Washing your body removes and destroys some surface microorganisms.