Glaciers
Name the two main types of glaciers.
continental and alpine
What do you call the rock layer that can store a substantial amount of water?
aquifer
What stage would you find high speed/low volume? Why?
youth stage, steep, vertical erosion
What is mass wasting?
downhill movement of rock particle and soil material caused by gravity.
What are two of earth's basic materials?
rocks and minerals
Describe the formation of an arete.
Erosion of glacier from two sides.
What is permeability?
how fast water can pass through rock layers
Describe 4 ways rivers transport sediment.
Solution, suspension, saltation, traction
Describe 3 causes of mass wasting
extra mass from water, freezing (contract and expand) clear cutting of vegetation, mining/urbanization, earthquakes
What is the prinicples of superposition?
each layer of rock is older than the one above it
Describe 4 benefits of glaciers.
fresh water, hydroelectric power, tourist attraction, transportation routes, waterways for shipping, rich soil, gravel and sand deposits used for construction.
Land is gradually/suddenly displaced when earth materials (often ground water) is removed. Florida, Mexico, and the US Gulf Coast is experiencing this phenomenon.
Describe the formation of levees.
In the mature/old stage of a river, flooding causes sediment to spread and gather along the banks of the river, causing a natural barrier.
Describe 3 methods of stabilization
long bolts, concrete spray, wire mesh, pipe to drain excess water, terracing, retaining walls, snowshed
Describe three types of physical weathering.
frost shattering, thermal expansion, exfoliation, plants and animals
plucking, abrasion
What does saturation mean?
Differentiate erosion and deposition.
Erosion is the transportation of weathered material, deposition is where they are deposited.
scree/talus, soil creep, landslide, mudflow, slump, avalanche
Describe three types of chemical weathering.
hydrolysis, solution, oxidation
Besides raising the sea level, name two ways that the melting glaciers can affect our world.
affects salination of water, heat control (albedo), weather patterns
What type of terrain/area would most likely rely on the use of groundwater?
Areas with no mountains.
Describe how a rivers have cause multinational conflicts. Give a case study that was presented in class and describe the problem.
Africa, Middle East
environmental damage, animals displaced, human hazard, destruction of property, affect water quality
What are the 4 agents of erosion?
water, ice, wind, gravity