A Global Conflict 1
The Gallipoli Campaign took place here....
Dardanelles
What are some symptoms of the Spanish flu?
Usual flu symptoms like chills, fevers and fatigue.
Where was the Treaty of Versailles signed?
Define Total War.
When countries devoted all of their resources to the war effort.
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare was conducted by
Germany
Two Reasons why the African and Asian colonies joined Europe in the war...
1- They were forced to join by the colonizers.
2- They believed they could earn their freedom this way.
Why was it called the Spanish Flu?
Spain was one of the few countries in Europe without a news lockdown so their news could be reported properly. Other European countries were censoring their news and they didn't want to report on the flu to not scare people and to focus on the war effort.
Who were the Big Four?
Woodrow Wilson: USA
George Clemenceau: France
David Lord George: Great Britain
Vintorio Orlando: Italy
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was between....
Germany and Russia
The purpose of the Gallipoli Campaign was
To gain a safe passageway for the allies to help Russia
Definition of Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
The policy created by Germans that states that their submarines would sink any ships around Britain without warning.
Why was it called the forgotten pandemic?
It was given this name because a lot of its spread wasn't reported because people were focused on WW1 and a lot of medical cases were not carefully recorded.
2 ways that Germany was punished.
They lost significant amount of territory.
They had strict restrictions placed on its military. (only 100,000 soldiers allowed)
They lost their air force, armored units, submarines and most of their navy,
They also added the “war guilt” clause that puts all of the blame of the war on Germany.
Germany had to pay reparations to the allies.
All of Germany's African and Pacific territories were taken from them and given to the allies to control until they were ready for their independence.
Define Armistice
A formal agreement to stop fighting.
Define Self-determination.
people should be allowed to decide what government they want to live under.
What was the Lusitania?
The British Ship that was destroyed by the Germans. It contained 128 Americans.
How did people stay safe during the Spanish flu?
There were no drugs or vaccines to protect people from this flu.
People were asked to wear masks and many schools, theaters and business were closed down to store the bodies.
Explain any two of Wilson's 14 points.
Point 1 : Public diplomatic negations with no more secret agreements or secret treaties
Point 2 : Freedom of navigation on all seas.
Point 3 : Free trade among nations and an end to all economic barriers between countries
Point 4 : Countries to reduce armaments and weapons to a level required for public safety.
Point 5 : Fair and impartial decisions for the resolution of colonial claims.
Point 6 : Restoration of Russia territories and freedom to establish and develop its own political system
Point 7 : Preservation of the sovereignty of Belgium and that it should be independent as before the war.
Point 8 : France should be fully liberated, its territory restored and allowed to recover Alsace-Lorraine
Point 9 : All Italians are to be allowed to live in Italy and Italy's borders to be "along clearly recognizable lines of nationality."
Point 10 : Self-determination should be allowed for all those living in Austria-Hungary. (Self-determination: people should be allowed to decide what government they want to live under.)
Point 11 : Self-determination and guarantees of independence for the Balkan states and its borders re-drawn.
Point 12 : Self-determination for the Turkish people and for Non-Turks under Turkish rule
Point 13 : An independent Polish nation should be created which should have access to the sea.
Point 14 : A League of Nations should be created to guarantee the political and territorial independence of all states.
Three countries whose borders changed after WW1.
Germany, Austria-Hungary, France, Poland.
Why did Germany send the Zimmerman Telegram?
To encourage Mexico to join the war on their side if America joins.
Two Reasons why America Joined WW1.
- Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
- The Zimmerman Telegram
Mention one similarity and one difference between the Spanish flu and covid 19
Similarities: quarantine, wearing masks, coughing and sneezing.
Differences: we have vaccines, we have more knowledge on how to stay safe, we aren't facing a war so we can focus on the pandemic.
Why was the Treaty of Versailles not successful?
America rejected the treaty because they didn’t agree with punishing Germany.
America didn't join the League of Nations because they believed their only hope for peace was to not interfere in European issues.
The treaty also led to decades of bitterness and anger amongst the German people.
African and Asian countries felt betrayed because they were not given their freedom.
Japan and Italy were also angry because they didn’t gain as much land as they wanted.
Without America’s support, the League of Nations could not take action to help or support nations with their complaints.
Two effects of Total War.
In every country, the government told factories what to produce and how much. Factories were converted to munitions.
Unemployment disappeared because every able-bodied person was put to work.
Rationing: people could only buy small portions of items. (It started with materials needed for war then spread to everything including food)
Propaganda: One-sided information designed to convince people to support the war. News about the war was censored to maintain support.
Women replaced men in factories, offices and shops.
Three effects of WW1
millions of deaths
countries were in severe debt
people faced mental health issued like insecurity and despair and fear.