Cell structre and functions
This organelle modifies, packages, and transports proteins within the cell.
Golgi apparatus
This type of tissue is responsible for transmitting electrical impulses throughout the body.
Nervous tissue
This tissue transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves.
xylem
Cells with similar structures and functions form this level of organization.
tissue
This structure is found in plant cells but not animal cells and provides support.
cell wall
A cell is observed to have chloroplasts, a cell wall, and a large central vacuole. Identify the type of cell.
plant cell
These structures in the lungs increase surface area for gas exchange.
alveoli
This tissue transports sugars produced during photosynthesis throughout the plant.
phloem
Place the following in order from simplest to most complex: organ, cell, organ system, tissue.
cell → tissue → organ → organ system
This animal tissue type contracts to produce movement.
muscle tissue
Explain why mitochondria are more abundant in muscle cells than in skin cells.
because muscle cells require more energy (ATP)
Explain why the left ventricle has thicker walls than the right ventricle.
because it must pump blood to the entire body at higher pressure
Explain why root hair cells are important for plant survival.
because they increase surface area for water and mineral absorption
A heart muscle cell contains many mitochondria. Explain why this is beneficial.
because the heart requires large amounts of ATP to continuously contract
A student observes cells with no cell wall, no chloroplasts, and an irregular shape. Identify the organism type.
animal
A cell is unable to produce proteins because one organelle has stopped functioning. Identify the organelle.
ribosomes
A person's small intestine is damaged and can no longer absorb nutrients effectively. Which level of organization is directly affected?
organ level
A plant's xylem tissue becomes damaged. Predict the effect on the plant.
water transport will decrease, causing wilting and reduced growth
Compare the function of xylem in plants to the function of blood vessels in animals.
both transport essential substances throughout the organism.
Both alveoli and root hairs share this structural adaptation. What is it?
a large surface area for exchange of materials
A toxin destroys the cell membrane of a cell. Explain why the cell will eventually die.
because materials can no longer enter or leave the cell, disrupting homeostasis.
Describe how the respiratory and circulatory systems work together to supply cells with oxygen.
oxygen enters the blood in the lungs and is transported by the circulatory system to body cells.
Explain how the structure of a leaf helps maximize photosynthesis.
because it has a large surface area, chloroplast-rich cells, and stomata for gas exchange and light absorption.
Both the circulatory system in animals and vascular tissues in plants perform this major function.
transportation of materials throughout the organism
A plant and an animal both require specialized tissues. Explain why multicellular organisms cannot survive with only one type of cell.
because different functions require specialized cells working together in tissues, organs, and organ systems