Mutations
This is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to a genetic disorder.
What is a mutation?
How many cell divisions occur in meiosis?
What is two divisions?
A man with brown eyes who is heterozygous (Bb) has a child with a woman who has blue eyes (bb). What is the probability that their child will have blue eyes?
What is 50%?
What is the term for a gene version, like "B" or "b" in hair color?
What is an allele?
What do we call the physical appearance or visual traits of an organism?
What is phenotype?
What is the name of the cells that carry genetic information from parents to offspring?
What are gametes?
How many daughter cells are produced from meiosis?
What is four daughter cells?
Complete this Punnett square: A homozygous tall plant (TT) is crossed with a short plant (tt). What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring?
What are 100% Tt (heterozygous tall) and 100% tall plants?
A body cell that is not a gamete is called this.
What is a somatic cell?
If an organism has two identical alleles for a trait, it is said to be what?
What is homozygous?
How do mutations happen?
What is from errors during replication.
During this phase of meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair up and crossing over can occur.
What is prophase I?
If two guinea pigs with black fur (Bb) are crossed, where black is dominant over white (b), what are the genotypic ratios of the offspring?
What is 1 BB : 2 Bb : 1 bb?
This term describes a cell that has half the number of chromosomes, such as a sperm or egg.
What is haploid?
This assisted reproductive technology involves fertilizing an egg with sperm outside the body, typically in a lab dish.
What is in vitro fertilization.
This type of mutation occurs when one or more bases are inserted or deleted from the DNA sequence, often causing a shift in the reading frame.
What is a frameshift mutation?
In anaphase I, this is what happens to the homologous chromosomes.
What is they are separated and pulled to opposite poles of the cell?
A man that has an AB blood type has a child with a woman with type B blood. Can they have a type O child?
What is no?
This is the failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis.
What is non-disjunction?
In a dihybrid cross, this principle states that the alleles for different genes segregate independently of each other during gamete formation.
What is the Law of Independent Assortment?
This genetic disorder is caused by a mutation in a single gene affecting the shape of red blood cells, leading to pain and fatigue.
What is sickle cell anemia?
This process during prophase I results in the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, increasing genetic variation.
What is crossing over?
In snapdragons, flower color shows incomplete dominance. Red flowers = RR, White flowers = WW, Pink flowers = RW. If two pink-flowered snapdragons are crossed (RW x RW),
What are the phenotype ratios of their offspring?
What is 1 red : 2 pink : 1 white?
This is a small, circular piece of DNA found in bacteria, often used in genetic engineering.
What is a plasmid?
This genetic engineering technique is a technology that involves combining DNA from two different organisms to produce a new set of genes, often used to create genetically modified organisms.
What is recombinant DNA technology?