Diversity of Living Things
A scientific name (binomial nomenclature) consists of...
What is genus and species
The form of a trait that always appears when an individual has an allele for it
What is dominant
These are consumed in large amounts daily and include carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
What are macronutrients
These are structures that share a common origin but may serve different functions in modern species. An example is dolphin flippers and human hands
What are homologous features
The universal donour blood type
The three domains of life
What are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryota
The term that describes the combination of alleles for any given trait, or the organism's entire genetic make-up
What is genotype
This part of the digestive system connects the pharynx to the stomach. It is where peristalsis occurs
This is a dramatic, often temporary, reduction in a population size usually resulting in significant genetic drift over time. When organisms are wiped out, only a very small sample of alleles survives to establish a new population
What is the bottleneck effect
This group of organisms reproduce both asexually and sexually, using spores
What are fungi
This kingdom contains organisms that live in harsh environments, that are single-celled, and have no nucleus
What is Archaea
A stage of the cell cycle, occurring in somatic cells where a cell’s nucleus and genetic material divide, undergoing PMAT phases
What is mitosis
This respiratory disorder is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder where abnormally thick mucus blocks airways and other breathing passages. There is no cure for this disorder
What is cystic fibrosis
This type of natural selection occurs when the most common phenotypes within a population are most favoured by the environment. It is the most common form of selection
What is stabilizing selection
A digestive disorder where there is severe damage to the liver and leaves it scarred
What is cirrhosis
These are flowering plants that reproduce sexually through the process of pollination, accounting for about 80% of known plants
What are angiosperms
This process concerns the exchange of chromosomal segments between a pair of homologous chromosomes and happens during prophase I of meiosis I
What is crossing over
These structures are one cell thick, making red blood cells slow down so that gas exchange can take place better
What are capillaries
This type of speciation occurs when there is a physical barrier present. The evolution of each population results in separate species
What is allopatric speciation
White blood cells are responsible for helping to defend the body from disease and infection. They are also called this name
What are leukocytes
A viral reproductive cycle in which copies of a virus are made within a host cell's enzymes, which then opens up the cell, releasing more viruses
What is the lytic cycle
A concept in genetics after Mendel, where neither allele for a gene completely conceals the presence of the other, and results in the intermediate expression of a trait
What is incomplete dominance
This type of blood is brought to the right side of the heart, which then gets pumped into the lungs
What is deoxygenated blood
Baron Cuvier proposed that fossilized organisms are extinct. This theory by Cuvier explained how past global catastrophes repeatedly caused the extinction of species that were then replaces by newly created forms
What is the theory of catastrophism
This is the process where alleles move into or out of a population through the movement of individuals or gametes. It can also occur when individuals of adjacent populations mate without moving permanently, thus sharing genetic information
What is gene flow