Vision and Light
What is the role of light in helping us see an object?
Light reflects off an object and enters the eye.
What law tells us that the oldest rock layers are at the bottom?
Law of Superposition
What type of energy transfer occurs when you feel warmth from the sun?
Heat energy transfer (radiation).
: What do we call the top of a wave?
Crest
What does a binary code use to send information?
Two states like "on and off" or "black and white."
Sequence the following: stimulus, brain processing, sense receptor, signal to body, reaction, signal to brain.
Environmental stimulus → sense receptor → signal to brain → brain processes information → signal to body → reaction
How could the discovery of marine fossils in a desert help scientists understand Earth's history?
It suggests that area was once underwater.
What energy conversion happens when solar panels are used on a house?
Light energy converts into electrical energy.
How does increasing the height of a ramp affect the speed of a rolling ball?
The ball rolls faster — higher ramp = greater speed.
Give one example of an animal that uses sound to communicate.
Dolphins (echolocation), birds (songs).
Why can't you see an object if there is no light at all?
Without light, no light waves reflect to our eyes, so we cannot see objects.
Name two examples of weathering that are not caused by moving water.
Ice wedging, plant roots growing and breaking rocks
What makes fossil fuels nonrenewable?
They take millions of years to form and cannot be quickly replaced.
After two cars crash into each other and dent, what evidence shows an energy transfer happened?
Visible dents or sound from the collision shows energy was transferred.
What is one pro and one con of using lights to communicate across long distances?
Pro: Light is fast and can travel far. Con: It can be blocked easily.
Name one structure in an animal that helps it survive by detecting light.
Eyespots on flatworms, compound eyes on insects, large pupils in nocturnal animals.
What does it mean when contour lines are close together on a map?
The land is steep — the closer the lines, the steeper the slope.
Compare one positive and one negative impact of using hydroelectric power.
Positive = renewable and clean; Negative = can harm river ecosystems.
Which two wave characteristics can change if you make bigger motions in a rope?
Amplitude and wavelength.
If you were building a binary code to send messages using two colors, how could you represent "yes" and "no"?
Example: Black = "no", White = "yes."
What happens to light when it hits a shiny smooth surface versus a rough surface?
Shiny surfaces reflect light in a specific direction; rough surfaces scatter it.
Explain why earthquakes often happen near plate boundaries.
Plate movement causes stress at the boundaries, leading to earthquakes.
Describe an energy transfer and an energy conversion that happen when you toast bread in a toaster.
Heat transfer heats the bread; Electrical energy converts to heat energy.
Compare a wave with a long wavelength and one with a short wavelength: which carries more energy?
A wave with a short wavelength generally carries more energy.
Why might an underwater robot use sound waves instead of light waves to send messages?
Sound travels better than light underwater because water absorbs light quickly.