This map element explains the symbols and colours used.
The Legend (or Key)
Why are all maps wrong?
Because the Earth is not flat, and you cannot represent a 3D surface on a flat, 2D piece of paper.
There is a church right next to the school.
Is this absolute location or relative location?
Relative location
Cartographers can give a precise location by measuring degrees east or west of the ______________, and north or south of the ______________.
prime meridian
equator
Why does Greenland look so big on the Mercator Projection?
Because of distortion: the Mercator Projection makes lands near to the Poles look bigger than they really are. It makes the lines of longitude straight instead of curving towards each other.
The map feature that shows the four cardinal directions (North, South, East, West).
The Compass Rose
What is a map projection?
A way of showing the curved surface of the Earth on a flat map.

Paris is located 48.85 degrees North, 2.35 degrees East.
Is this absolute location or relative location?
Absolute location
Together, the lines of latitude and longitude on the map are called the ______________ ____________.
map grid
Are we in the western hemisphere or the eastern hemisphere?
The eastern hemisphere.
The map element that "shows the relationship of measures on a map to actual measurements on Earth"
The scale
What is the most accurate representation of the Earth?
A globe
Lines on the map that run from North Pole to South Pole are called _________________.
Lines of longitude
The equator divides the Earth into the _____________ hemisphere and the _____________ hemisphere.
northern, southern
Which projection does Google Maps use? Why?
It uses the Mercator Projection because it makes navigation easier. The direction on the map is the same as the direction you need to go in.
The part of a map that "tells what the map is about" and helps a reader decide if the map is relevant.
The title
Name a popular map projection.
The Mercator Projection
The Robinson Projection
Lines on the map that run east-west are called ________________.
Lines of latitude
The prime meridian divides the Earth into the ______________ hemisphere and the _____________ hemisphere.
eastern, western
If I want to see country boundaries, should I use a political map or a physical map?
A political map
A person who makes maps.
A cartographer.
What are some problems of map projections?
Distance, shape, direction, or area may be distorted by a map projection.
Which lines are parallel to each other? Lines of longitude or lines of latitude?
Lines of latitude
Why do cartographers use absolute location?
Because it is very accurate: we can give every point on Earth exact coordinates.
What do we call the compass point between North and West?
Northwest