Definitions
What is oral tradition?
passing of knowledge, history and culture form one generation to the next
What is an Indigenous community?
Indigenous communities are the first groups of people who lived in an area.
What is an artifact?
Is an object that was made by a person a long time ago.
Which early community was often referred to as Vikings?
Norse
what do the purple and white beads of a wampum belt stand for?
white- peace and friendship
purple- conflict or an event of great importance
What is smudging?
cleanses people so that they can take part in the talking circle with honesty and a clear mind
What is the role of an Indigenous Elder?
Elders are Indigenous teachers who teach about their culture, beliefs, and traditions.
what is an ally?
a person or group who works well with others.
What is the main good that First Nations Peoples acquired from Europeans?
Beaver pelts
what were the benefits of First Nations and Europeans travelling long distances to meet?
sharing of ideas, renewing of friendships, developing alliances
what is wampum?
beads made from shells that are strung together in patterns to make wampum belts.
what is the L'Anse aux Meadows? who lived there?
first European settlement in North America. Archaeologists think that this settlement was a place where the Norse stayed during winter.
who discovered Canada's East Coast?
John Cabot
Many parts of the world were unmapped at this time. why were any maps that did exist unreliable?
the technology we have today did not exist to help explorers map new lands accurately.
how did Europeans vs First Nations view the land?
Indigenous- people were a part of the land, not something to be owned
Define the term trade.
Trade is exchanging something for something else.
who were the 5 nations who made up the Haudenosaunee Confederacy?
Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, Mohawk
who discovered Nova Scotia and Quebec?
Samuel de Champlain
One of the earliest known European settlements in North America.
L'Anse aux Meadows
what were the roles of men and women in many Indigenous communities?
men- hunters, built shelters, cleared land for farming, fought wars
women- preserved, gathered, and prepared food. planted and harvested crops
What are wigwams?
a dome or cone shaped structure made with a wooden frame that was covered with animal skins or tree bark
why were talking circles important for helping Indigenous populations come to a consensus?
circle is an important symbol because it has no beginning and no end. The opinion of each member of the circle is valued, while silence is respected. Only one person may speak at a time.
name 2 places the Norse discovered
Greenland and Iceland
list 3 goods First Nations acquired through Europeans
knives, axes, needles, weapons, cooking pots
Why did the Norse leave and return to Greenland?
no one knows for certain