Some parts of a sunflower are shown in the diagram below.
A student claims sunflowers reproduce by producing seeds. What part of the sunflower would the student use to support this claim?
A. flower
B. leaf
C. root
D. stem
A. flower
A student builds a compass from a pencil, a clear plastic cup, some thread, and a magnetized needle. The student then brings the north end of a bar magnet near the north end of the needle, as shown below.
What happens when the north end of the bar magnet is brought near the north end of the compass needle?
D. The north end of the needle spins away from the bar magnet.
Which of the following best describes how most soil forms?
C. through the weathering of rock by wind and water
The diagram shows parts of a bicycle that make the bicycle move.
When the pedal of the bicycle is turned, the front gear, rear gear, and wheel turn. Which of the following best describes the function of the chain?
D. The chain transfers motion from the front gear to the rear gear.
Humans use energy and fuels in their daily lives.
Which of the following best describes the energy and fuels humans use?
In a tropical jungle, some trees produce large, thick leaves that protect their trunks and roots from getting too much sunlight.
Which of the following best explains how these leaves affect the environment where the trees grow?
A. They provide an area for plants that need shade.
In a science investigation, a student holds a vibrating tuning fork near a piece of cork, as shown below.
The student observes that the cork moves. Which of the following conclusions can be made from this investigation?
A. Sound is a form of energy.
Which of the following statements best describes how Earth moves in the six months from June 21 to December 21?
C. Earth makes half a revolution around the Sun.
An engineer is testing different types of pervious concrete to use in a new parking area. Pervious concrete is a special kind of concrete that can help reduce flooding by allowing rainwater to pass through and soak into the ground.
Which of the following should the engineer measure to see how well a type of pervious concrete will reduce flooding?
D. the number of liters of water per minute that can move through the concrete
Sometimes seeds from plants that produce red raspberries will grow into plants that produce yellow raspberries. When two yellow raspberry plants reproduce with each other, the resulting seeds grow into plants that produce yellow raspberries.
Which of the following best describes how raspberries get their color?
A. Raspberry color is an inherited trait that varies among raspberry plants.
Some Canada geese pass through Massachusetts as they migrate south in the fall. Which of the following best explains why these birds migrate south in the fall?
A. There is more food in the south during the winter.
A student looks into a mirror and sees the wall behind him. Which of the following best describes why the student sees the wall in the mirror?
A. Light reflects off the mirror.
A town is having a water shortage, and the people in the town have been asked to reduce their use of the town’s water supply. A gardener wants to continue to water plants in a garden.
Which of the following would be the most effective way to water the plants and still reduce water use?
D. use water from rain collected in large containers
A concrete walkway leads to the door of a school building. Wind in the area around the school typically blows from only one direction, as shown.
During winter, the wind causes the walkway to become covered with snow. Which of the following solutions is the best way to keep snow off the walkway?
C. build a fence on the side of the walkway that the wind reaches first
Polar bears hunt seals from sea ice in the Arctic. Warming Arctic temperatures have reduced the amount of ice, making it hard for polar bears to find food.
How has the reduced amount of sea ice most likely affected polar bears?
D. Their population size is decreasing.
The chart below lists some organisms found in an ocean ecosystem.
ProducerHerbivoreCarnivore
green algae
sea grass
surgeonfish
turtle
grouper
A student made the food web below, but some arrows are missing.
Why should the student add arrows from the green algae and the sea grass to the turtle?
C. to show how turtles get energy and materials for growth from producers
A student places a wooden block next to a meter stick and then tapes a bar magnet on top of the block. Next, the student tapes a bar magnet to the roof of a toy car. The car is placed beside the meter stick, next to the bar magnet. The diagram below shows what the student observed before and after the car was released.
What question is the student most likely trying to answer from this setup?
B. How far can the magnets push the car?
Students used sand, gravel, and a coffee filter to make a simple water filter. A diagram of the water filter is shown.
Which of the following should the students observe or measure to find out how well the water filter works?
A. how clear the filtered water is
Solar cookers use sunlight to cook food. A student designs two solar cookers, as shown.
Design 1 is a cardboard box with a lid that has a window made of hard, clear plastic. The lid can be removed from the box.
Design 2 is a wooden box with a lid that has a window made of clear plastic wrap. The lid can be lifted but not removed from the box. A sheet of aluminum foil that reflects light covers the bottom of the box.
The student tests both designs and finds that food cooks faster in one of the designs.
Which of the following best explains why one design cooks food faster than the other?
C. Design 2 cooks faster because its aluminum foil reflects sunlight, and cardboard does not.
Name the three states of H2O.
Ice, water, water vapor
The diagram below shows four types of finches labeled W, X, Y, and Z.
The type of finch labeled W adapted different traits over a long period of time that resulted in the three different types of finches labeled X, Y, and Z. What is the most likely reason the finches labeled X, Y, and Z adapted different traits from the finch labeled W?
D. to help them survive in their environments
A student adds liquid water to a measuring cup and freezes it. The surface of the ice that forms is above the 1-cup measurement line, as shown.
The ice then melts and the student observes that the surface of the liquid water is below the 1-cup measurement line. The student claims the number of water particles in the ice and in the liquid water was the same.
To provide evidence for this claim, what did the student most likely do before and after the ice melted?
B. measured the mass of the water using a scale
Australia has regions, such as deserts and rain forests, with very different climates. Which of the following data about each region would be most helpful for learning about the different climates?
D. average seasonal precipitation and average temperatures over several years
A group of students designed a box to keep their lunches cool during recess. Their design is shown.
Which of the following best describes the main purpose of the part labeled W in the design?
D. It blocks heat energy from entering the box.
Name three types of energy.
Chemical, mechanical, electrical, potential, nuclear, light, sound, thermal, gravitational, and more.