Age of Exploration
When did Columbus sail 'the ocean blue'?
1492
Was Ptolemy's model of the universe geocentric or heliocentric?
Geocentric
What invention helped spread vernacular copies of the Bible around Europe?
The printing press
What was the Enlightenment?
An intellectual movement that believed in using reason and science to make progress towards a better society.
What forced King Louis XVI to call an election to the Estates General for the first time in 150 years?
France was bankrupt and this was the only way to raise money
Where did Columbus think he had reached?
'The Indies'
According to the astronomer Copernicus, what is at the centre of the universe?
The Sun
Who began the Protestant Reformation by nailing his 95 theses to a church door in Wittenburg in 1517?
Martin Luther
Which Enlightenment thinker believed the world was like a perfect machine designed by God and following physical laws?
Newton
Why was France so badly in debt?
The court of Versailles spent extravagantly; France engaged in costly wars; the nobles and clergy were not taxed, only the common people.
Name a food that comes from the American continent.
Potatoes, tomatoes, maize corn, turkey, chocolate, chilli peppers
What did Galileo observe around Jupiter with his improved telescope?
Jupiter's moons
Which church practice involved selling forgiveness of sins, and was denounced by Protestants?
The sale of 'indulgences' - buying your way into heaven!
Which French Enlightenment thinker believed the powers of government should be separated into judicial, legislative, and executive branches in order to avoid concentrating too much power in one person or group?
Montesquieu
Why did the Third Estate declare itself the National Assembly?
Because the Third Estate represented 98% of the people of France, and if they cooperated with the First and Second Estates, they would always be outvoted.
What terrible disease from Europe wiped out most of the Native American population?
Smallpox
How did Newton explain what held the planets up in the sky?
The theory of gravity
What compromise was agreed between the German princes and Charles V at the Peace of Augsburg in 1555?
It was agreed that each ruler could decide whether to make their state Catholic or Protestant.
Who said 'Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains'?
Rousseau
What did the Third Estate swear on the 20th June 1789 in a tennis court?
They swore never to separate until they had established a new constitution for France.
Who was shipped across the Atlantic to work on plantations in the Americas?
African slaves
What was William Harvey famous for?
Discovering the circulation of the blood
Why did Henry VIII break with the Pope?
He wanted to divorce his wife (Catherine of Aragon) but the Pope wouldn't allow it.
Which Enlightenment thinker thought 'cruel and unusual punishments' were wrong?
Beccaria
Why did the storming of the Bastille take place?
The people were afraid that the king was sending Swiss and German troops against them, and the Bastille was both a storehouse for gunpowder and a symbol of medieval tyranny.