Sources
What is a primary source?
A source created during the time of the event (e.g., diary, artifact)
What does “domestication” mean and how did it help?
Taming animals for use; it supported permanent settlements
What is absolute location?
A specific spot on Earth using coordinates or address
Name one early civilization and its river
Egypt – Nile, Mesopotamia – Tigris & Euphrates, etc
What is innovation?
Creating new ideas, methods, or products to solve problems
Give one example of a secondary source.
Textbook, encyclopedia, biography
Name one way Paleolithic people got their food.
Hunting, fishing, or gathering
What are two ways humans interact with the environment?
Modify, Adapt, or Depend (any two)
[Daily Double] What are the 5 characteristics of civilization?
Advanced cities, specialized workers, record keeping, advanced technology, complex institutions
Why was irrigation important to a River Valley Civilization?
It helped control water for farming/agriculture
Why are primary sources important to historians?
They offer firsthand accounts of historical events
Why did Paleolithic people live in small nomadic groups?
They followed animal herds and searched for food sources
Name one common geographic feature shared by early civilizations.
Rivers (e.g., Nile, Tigris, Indus, Huang He)
Describe how irrigation helped civilizations grow
Provided water for crops → food surplus → population growth
What is mud brick making and why was it useful?
Making building material from mud; used for homes and cities
What is one way to identify a primary source?
It was created by someone present at the event (e.g., personal journal)
What key development marked the Neolithic Revolution?
The shift from food gathering to food producing (farming)
What is terrace farming and where was it used?
Creating flat fields to farm on sloped hills; used in Ancient China
What major changes occurred when humans moved from small agrarian/pastoral societies to complex civilizations?
People developed governments, economies, religion, and cities; populations grew; labor became specialized; and technology advanced (e.g., irrigation, tools)
What environmental problem led to terrace farming?
Lack of flat land for farming on hills/mountains
Which is more reliable for understanding an event: a painting from the time or a textbook from 100 years later? Why?
The painting; it's a firsthand perspective (though both may be biased)
What is specialization of labor and how did it start?
When people performed specific jobs besides farming due to food surpluses
How did humans change their environment during the Neolithic Era?
Built irrigation canals, cleared land, made tools, domesticated animals
How were agrarian and pastoral societies different in how they lived?
Settled vs. nomadic
How did early civilizations adapt to unreliable access to water?
Built irrigation systems and canals