Earths Layers
What is the outermost layer of Earth?
Crust
Boundary where plates move apart
Divergent
Sediments are squished into rock by what two processes?
Compaction & Cementation
What causes earthquakes?
Movement of tectonic plates
Give an example of a renewable resource.
Water / Sunlight / Wind
Which layer is made of soft, flowing rock that moves plates?
Mantle / Asthenosphere
Boundary where plates collide
Convergent
Most fossils form in which type of rock?
Sedimentary
Where do most volcanoes and earthquakes occur?
Plate boundaries
Fossil fuels come from the remains of… ?
Ancient plants and animals
Which two layers are made of metal?
Outer core & Inner core
Boundary where plates slide past each other
otherTransform
What does relative dating allow scientists to figure out?
Which fossils or rock layers are older/younger
What type of data helps forecast hazards?
Patterns in historical hazard data
What determines how resources like minerals are distributed?
Past and present geoscience processes
What do we call Earth’s rigid outer shell made of crust + upper mantle?
Lithosphere
Which boundary type commonly forms volcano chains?
Convergent (subduction zones)
Why are deeper rock layers usually older?
New layers get deposited on top of old ones over time
Name a technology that can reduce earthquake damage.
Base isolators / strong foundations / early warning systems
Why are resources unevenly distributed on Earth?
Different geological formations (subduction, erosion, volcanoes, etc.)
Why does the outer core cause Earth’s magnetic field?
It is liquid metal that moves and creates magnetic forces
What process happens when one plate sinks under another?
Subduction
How do fossils show Earth’s history?
They provide evidence of how species and climates changed
Why can scientists not predict exact earthquake times?
Plates move unpredictably & stress release is uneven
How does resource availability affect populations?
More resources → larger populations; fewer → decline/competition