PURE SUBSTANCES & MIXTURES
All matter is made up of tiny particles called _______.
Atoms.
Describe the motion/movement of particles in a solid, liquid and gas state.
Solids - particles are tightly packed, they jiggle a little but do not generally move from place to place.
Liquids - particles are close together, but move around and slide past each other.
Gases - particles are separated and move freely at high speeds.
Explain the term ergonomic.
Designed for efficiency and comfort.
Is a frog considered abiotic or biotic?
Biotic (living).
How many teeth does an adult human have?
32
Is salt considered a pure substance or a mixture?
Pure substance.
Define the term "thermal equilibrium".
Thermal equilibrium occurs when two objects are in contact with each other and there is no exchange in heat energy.
Give an example of an external force and an internal force acting on a structure.
External force: wind, gravity, earthquakes
Internal force: tension, compression, shear, torsion
What % of energy is lost at each stage moving up the energy period?
10% of energy is lost.
What is the warmest planet in our solar system?
Venus
In a solution, a solute (eg. sugar) is a substance dissolved in another substance, known as a solvent (eg. water).
Use particle theory to describe the rise in global sea levels.
Sea levels are rising partly because global warming is making the oceans warmer and the water in them is expanding.
Identify and describe ways that can cause a structure to fail.
Bad design, faulty construction, foundation failure, extraordinary loads.
Draw a 3 step food chain on the board.
- must have 3 organisms
- arrows must be pointing the right direction
What is the largest known mammal?
Blue whale
Name and describe one process that can be used to separate mixtures or solutions into their components.
Examples: evaporations, sifting, filtration, distillation, magnetism.
Identify common sources of greenhouse gases.
Carbon dioxide comes from plant and animal respiration and the burning of fossil fuels; methane comes from wetlands, grazing livestock, termites, fossil fuel extraction, and landfills; nitrous oxide comes from soils and nitrogen fertilizers.
What factors must be considered when humans create and build structures?
The importance for individuals, society, the economy, and the environment. (e.g., function; efficiency; ease of use; user preferences; aesthetics; cost; intended lifespan; effect on the environment; safety, health, legal requirements)
Explain the role of producers, consumers and decomposers.
Producers create their own energy from the sun.
Consumers eat other organisms to gain energy.
Decomposers eat/break down dead things to gain energy.
How many hearts does an octopus have?
3
What are the 5 major points of the particle theory of matter?
1. All matter is made up of tiny particles.
2. The particles are always moving.
3. There is space between all particles.
4. Adding heat makes particles move faster.
5. All particles in a pure substance are the same.
Explain how heat is transmitted through radiation, convection and conduction.
Conduction - the heat transfer occurs between objects by direct contact.
Convection - the heat transfer takes within the fluid.
Radiation - the heat transfer occurs through electromagnetic waves.
Why is the centre of gravity of a structure important?
Finding a structure's centre of gravity helps designers determine its stability. Centre of gravity is the point around which a structure's mass is equally balanced in all directions.
Explain the term invasive species and give at least 1 example.
An invasive species can be any kind of living organism that is not native to an ecosystem and causes harm.
eg. Emerald Ash Borer
The oldest living tree is 4,843 years old and can be found in this state.
California