New France
This 1713 treaty ended the War of the Spanish Succession and redrew the borders of North America.
What is the Treaty of Utrecht?
This First Nations group formed strong alliances with the French, particularly in the fur trade.
Who are the Mi’kmaq?
This military strategy, used by James Wolfe during the Siege of Quebec, relied on disciplined infantry lines.
What is the Thin Red Line?
This French term meaning “wood runners” described independent fur traders in New France.
What are coureurs de bois?
This bay, rich in fur resources, was transferred from France to Britain under the Treaty of Utrecht.
What is Hudson Bay?
This French colony was ceded to the British as part of the Treaty of Utrecht.
What is Acadia?
The French introduced this practice to the First Nations, which revolutionized trade in North America.
What is bartering European goods for furs?
The British built this military base after capturing Louisbourg to establish dominance in Nova Scotia.
(What is Halifax?
This Canadian province remains officially bilingual, reflecting its French and English heritage.
What is New Brunswick?
This economic policy aimed to control colonial trade through the extraction of resources and contributed to tensions between the 13 colonies and Britain, influencing New France.
What is mercantalism?
This term refers to the French settlers who farmed along the St. Lawrence River.
What are habitants?
This river was vital for transportation and trade, and its control was contested by the French and British.
What is the Ohio River?
The British and French competed for First Nations alliances to control this lucrative trade.
What is the fur trade?
This type of farming system was used by the habitants and based on long, narrow plots of land.
What is the seigneurial system?
This city, captured by the British during the Seven Years' War, became a key to British control over North America.
What is Quebec City?
This French fortress on Cape Breton Island was a key site in defending French interests in North America.
What is Fortress Louisbourg?
This term refers to the adoption of Aboriginal tools, food, and clothing by French fur traders.
What is cultural adaptation?
This French-speaking group maintained their Catholic faith and distinct culture even after British rule began in Acadia.
Who are the Acadians?
This economic activity brought French settlers and First Nations into close partnership, shaping the culture of New France.
What is the fur trade?
This major river system, shared by New France and the 13 colonies, was a key transportation and trade route.
What is the St. Lawrence River?
This group of French fur traders traveled deep into the wilderness and adopted First Nations survival practices.
Who are the coureurs de bois?
This method of passing history and knowledge was used by First Nations communities and incorporated by historians.
What is oral history?
This was the French response to British settlement efforts in disputed territories near Nova Scotia.
What is fort construction?
Acadian families created fertile farmland by building these structures to drain salt marshes.
What are dykes?
Settlers in the 13 colonies viewed this French-held area as an obstacle to their westward expansion before the Seven Years' War.
What is the Ohio River Valley?