Early Americas
What land bridge allowed people to travel from Asia to the Americas?
The Bering Land Bridge
What does the term culture mean?
A group’s shared way of life
What were Spain’s main goals in the Americas?
To gain wealth, spread Christianity, and gain power (God, Glory, Gold)
What was the Protestant Reformation?
A movement to reform the Catholic Church
What was the main cause of the French and Indian War?
Competition for land between Britain and France (Ohio River Valley)
Why did the British march to Concord at the start of the Revolution?
They were trying to seize arms (weapons and ammunition)
Why did people begin forming settlements after the Ice Age ended?
They could farm and produce surplus food
How did geography influence how Native Americans lived?
It affected food sources, homes, and transportation
What role did missions play in Spanish colonies?
They converted Native Americans to Christianity
Why did Separatists disagree with the Anglican Church?
They believed it was too similar to Catholicism; they thought that the church was corrupt both socially and politically
How did the French and Indian War change British policy toward the colonies?
Britain began taxing the colonies (George Grenville)
What was the Boston Tea Party and why did the colonists do it?
They protested the Tea Act, which gave British East India Company a monopoly on tea (They were the only traders who could sell the colonist tea)
Why are the Olmec called the “mother civilization”?
They influenced later civilizations with ideas like writing and religion
Why was the buffalo so important to Great Plains tribes?
It provided food, clothing, tools, and shelter
What was the purpose of presidios?
To protect Spanish settlements and missions
What was the astrolabe and what were watertight compartments and how did they help explorers?
The astrolabe helped sailors determine location using the stars, and watertight compartments prevented ships from sinking if damaged
Who was William Pitt and how did he help Britain win the French and Indian War?
William Pitt became Prime Minister, spent more money on the war, and sent more troops, which helped Britain defeat France
Who was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
How did the Aztecs adapt to living on an island in Lake Texcoco?
They built causeways
How were pueblos suited to the Southwest environment?
They were made of adobe and stayed cool in hot climates
How did Spain control its colonies?
Through a strict social hierarchy; conquistadors
Why did the Separatists leave the Netherlands before coming to America?
They were worried their children were losing English culture and traditions
What treaty ended the French and Indian War?
The Treaty of Paris (1763)
Why was the Battle of Saratoga important?
It convinced France and other European powers to support the American colonies
What are terraces and where were they used?
Terraces are step-like farming areas cut into mountainsides, and they were used by the Inca in the Andes Mountains
Explain one difference between Arctic and Eastern Woodlands tribes.
Arctic tribes hunted marine animals; Eastern Woodlands farmed and lived in forests
Why were Peninsulares at the top of New Spain’s social structure?
They were born in Spain and held the highest government jobs
How did joint-stock companies help make colonization possible?
They spread the cost and risk of starting colonies among many investors
How did North America change politically after the French and Indian War?
Britain gained control of French lands in Canada and east of the Mississippi, reducing French power and changing colonial borders
What happened at the Battle of Yorktown and which British General was trapped?
General Cornwallis was surrounded by American and French forces on land and by the French navy at sea, which forced the British to surrender