Earth's interior
Which crust is thinner and denser, Oceanic Crust or Continental Crust?
Oceanic Crust
How can we describe or identify minerals?
crystalline structure, hardness, density, breakage, color
How do Igneous Rocks form?
from cooled magma or lava
How do Sedimentary Rocks form?
from sediments that are cemented and compacted
How do Metamorphic Rocks form?
by high temperature or pressure inside the Earth.
What heats the lower mantle?
Conduction from the core
What is the shape of the atom of silicates?
tetrahedron (pyramid)
What determines if the rock is mafic (darker and denser), felsic (lighter and less dense) or intermediate?
the composition of the magma.
What are sediments made out of?
fragments of minerals/pieces of rocks/fossils/carcass of marine life
What type of metamorphism occurs when a rock is altered by heat from nearby magma?
contact metamorphism
Mafic rock is _______ and ______ than Felsic rock.
darker in color and denser
What is "Cleavage" when describing minerals?
the shape when a piece of a mineral breaks
What determines the texture of the rock?
the rate the magma cools
What compacts sediments into rock?
the weight of the rocks and sediments above them
What type of metamorphism occurs over a large area when a rock is buried or compressed?
Regional metamorphism
What does Mantle Convection do?
bring hot material up toward the surface and bring cooler material down toward the core
How do minerals form?
from hot fluids that have cooled down/from dissolved substances when water evaporates
Give a fact about intrusive igneous rocks
they cool from magma slowly, they have large crystals
What cements sediments together?
fluids in the rock form a type of cement
What type of Metamorphic rock has layers?
Foliated
Name one way we know that the Earth's core is made of metal?
seismic waves/magnetic field/meteorites/density calculations
When describing a particular group of minerals, what are "Native Elements"?
minerals that are made of only one element (coal)
Extrusive igneous rocks cool ______ from lava at the surface. They have ______ crystals.
What type of rock can sedimentary rock turn into?
igneous and metamorphic
What type of rock can Metamorphic rock turn into?
igneous rock, sedimentary rock