Key Terms & Historical Perspectives
How a person or community views an event, shaped by their culture, worldviews, and life experiences, is called this.
What is perspective
Name the three natural gifts or resources that Indigenous nations traditionally harvested and that later attracted European trade fleets
What are Furs (beaver pelts), Fish (such as cod), Timber
European powers constructed trading posts along major river systems primarily because these waterways served this existing function for Indigenous nations.
What are traditional travel, trade, and transportation routes?
Longhouses were large, multi-family wooden dwellings that represented community, kinship, and political structure for this Confederacy.
Who are the Haudenosaunee?
When a foreign government claims sovereign authority over land inhabited by another nation and establishes settlements there, it establishes this.
What is a Colony?
Primary sources offer direct evidence from the time of an event. Name two primary sources that preserve Indigenous historical perspectives.
What are Wampum belts, oral histories, winter counts, birchbark scrolls, or physical artifacts?
Indigenous knowledge keepers shared medicines, such as tea made from white cedar needles, with early European arrivals to treat this life-threatening illness.
What is Scurvy?
In addition to storing goods, European trading posts and forts were positioned along waterways to establish control over these.
What are trade routes and commercial networks?
The agricultural practice of growing corn, beans, and squash together to support each plant's growth is known by this traditional name.
What are The Three Sisters?
New France established its early settlements along this major river waterway, known as Kaniatarowanenneh in Mohawk.
What is the St. Lawrence River?
Formal, nation-to-nation agreements made to establish peace, share land, or create diplomatic alliances are known as these.
What are Treaties?
Long before European fishing fleets arrived off the Atlantic coast, which Indigenous coastal nation maintained sustainable harvests in this ocean region?
Who were the Mi'k Maq nation
1670, the British Crown granted Rupert’s Land to the Hudson’s Bay Company without consulting the Indigenous nations who lived there. This type of claim is an example of what concept?
What is Colonial expansion (Colonizing)
Which indigenous nations diet centered on sea mammals (seal, walrus, whale) and caribou and their transportation relied on dogsleds
Who were the Inuit nation
The Dish With One Spoon Treaty between Indigenous nations used a dish to symbolize shared land and resources, and a spoon to symbolize this rule. (hint think about how indigenous people thought about land in general)
What is taking only what you need and keeping the land clean/peaceful for all?
Evaluating or judging another culture based solely on the standards of one’s own culture, often assuming one's culture is superior, is called this.
What is Ethnocentrism?
How did traditional Indigenous views of land ownership differ from European colonial views?
What is Indigenous nations viewed land as a shared relation to care for (stewardship), while European powers viewed land as private property to own and exploit?
How did the expansion of the European fur trade alter traditional Indigenous relationships with wildlife and rival nations?
What is it shifted hunting from sustainable self-reliance to market supply, over-depleted animal populations, and created territorial competition between nations?
Name two major factors resulting from European contact that deeply impacted Indigenous communities and traditional ways of life.
What are introduced diseases (such as smallpox), loss of traditional territories, ecological disruption, or pressure from colonial settlements?
The French colonial land distribution system along riverbanks, managed by landlords who rented plots to habitants, was called this.
What is the Seigneurial System?
A secondary source is created after an event occurs. How do historians create secondary sources responsibly?
What is by analyzing multiple primary sources and considering different perspectives, including oral histories?
This core Indigenous governance principle emphasizes harvesting only what is needed and preserving resources for future generations.
What is The Seven Generations Principle (or Sustainability/Land Stewardship)?
Indigenous nations acted as diplomatic partners and trade intermediaries in fur trade networks. Name one nation that formed key economic and political alliances with the French.
Who are the Wendat (Huron), Anishinaabe, or Innu?
The Métis nation emerged as a distinct Indigenous nation with its own culture, governance, and language known by this name.
What is Michif?
French traders who traveled directly into Indigenous territories to conduct trade without official colonial permits were called this.
Who are the Coureurs de bois?