Energy & Motion
Understanding Matter
Energy in the Atmosphere
Materials Science
Understanding Waves
100
What is Newton's First Law of Motion?
An object in motion will stay in motion, or an object at rest will stay at rest until another force acts upon it.
100
Whether a substance burns can be used to help identify the substance.
Flammability is a ___________________ property.
(Chemical or Physical)
Chemical
100
Describe where on Earth receives the most direct sunlight?
The Equator. 
100
What might biodegradable plastic be made out of?
plants or petroleum, broken down by bacteria
100
These two waves are both representing the color yellow. Which wave will show a brighter color yellow and why.
Wave 2 because amplitude determines the intensity of light.
Wavelength determines the color we see.
200
At what point is potential energy the greatest?
Point A, it will have the greatest height and the least amount of speed.
200
What causes substances to shift between solid, liquid, and gaseous states?
A change in thermal energy. Objects can gain thermal energy (heat up) or lose thermal energy (cool down). Every element has a melting point and a boiling point. These points (temperatures) are where the shifts occur.
200
A student turns on a stove and after a few minutes notices the air above the burner is warmer than the air next to or below the burner.
What is this type of energy transfer called and how does it work?
Convection. Hotter particles rise and cooler particles sink creating a flow of energy.
200
Why might industries want to convert natural materials such as petroleum into synthetic materials such as plastics?
Plastics are very sturdy and are able to carry out a specific purpose.
Often industries are not considering environmental impact.
200
The person in Room Y can hear the conversation between the people in Room X. Recreate this model and add sound waves to represent how this is possible.
300
Describe the difference between potential and kinetic energy.
Potential energy is the stored energy or the energy of height.
Kinetic energy is the energy of movement.
They are inversely proportional but will always share the combined max amount of energy in a system.
300
A cool mirror fogs up after a hot shower.
Use what you know about the states of matter and thermal energy to explain how this happens.
The shower produce hot water with high thermal energy that creates steam, the gas state of water. As the vapor comes into contact with the cool mirror, some of the thermal energy is transferred into the mirror cooling the water. This causes the water to condense back into liquid form and appear as fog on the mirror.
300
Using your knowledge of thermal energy, explain how a curling iron cools down after it is unplugged.
The curling iron releases thermal energy (heat) into the room until its thermal energy levels match that of the room (until it is the same temperature as the room).
300
Natural petroleum is used to produce gasoline and many other products such as plastic.
Where does natural petroleum come from?
Petroleum is a fossil fuel and it comes from beneath the Earth's surface.
300
Which point is amplitude and which point is wavelength?
X = wavelength
Z = amplitude
400
Describe the relationship between kinetic energy and velocity.
Kinetic Energy and velocity are directly proportional. As one increases the other will increase as well. This makes sense because velocity is speed and direction and kinetic energy is the energy of motion.
400
What is the Law of Conservation of mass?
Mass is never lost in chemical reactions. As molecules break down and become other molecules, there will always be the same amount of atoms in the product of a reaction as there was in the reactant.
400
The red liquid inside a thermometer indicates the temperature. How does the red liquid change its volume to show changes in temperature?
Thermal expansion, the volume of the liquid increases at a higher temperature.
The molecules inside the liquid move faster as they gain thermal energy causing the liquid to expand.
400
Corn ethanol is produced by using yeast to ferment corn kernels. Ethanol is a simple alcohol that can combust making it a potential fuel for machinery.
Describe one possible advantage AND one possible disadvantage to using a food crop to produce energy.
Food crops can continually be grown making them a renewable energy source.
The crop could get diseases, have a bad growing year, the farm lands take up a lot of space, building croplands could destroy ecosystems.
400
We see light change as it passes through a prism. What is this process called and how does it work?
Refraction - the bending of light.
White light is composed of all colors on the visible light spectrum. Once it passes through a prism, the light bends to reveal all the various wavelengths (colors) within the visible light spectrum.
500
A student claims they can jump higher on a trampoline than on the ground. Use Newton's 3rd law to explain how forces act on the student as they jump.
On both surfaces the student exerts a downward force. However, the student is able to move the trampoline, but not the ground. The springs exert a greater reaction force than the ground could have.
500
Reactant 1 = 15.3g
Reactant 2 = 4.9g
Reactant 3 = 7.8g
What can we expect the total mass of the product of this reaction to be?
28g
500
Explain the energy transfer that occurs when an athlete applies ice to their ankle. 
Thermal energy is always transferred from hot to cold.
Heat is transferred from the foot to the ice pack through conduction.
Heat (thermal energy) will continue to flow out of the foot and into the ice pack until the ankle and ice pack have equal levels of thermal energy.
500
A gas, ethylene, has a small 6 atom molecule. It is changed into a waxy-solid, polyethylene, which is composed of larger molecules.
What is the evidence that a chemical change has occured?
The smaller molecule has become bigger, so we know the molecules have undergone chemical changes.
500
Why does a green leaf appear green to our eyes? Explain the behavior of the light waves.
The leaf absorbs all wavelength of light except for green. The green wavelength is reflected off of the leaf and back into our eyes.