Scientific Method
What is the first step of the scientific method?
Asking a question / Identifying problem
What is the goal of the engineering process?
To solve a problem by designing a solution
What is the basic unit of life?
The cell.
What does “selectively permeable membrane” mean?
A membrane that lets some substances in and out but not others
What is a fluid?
A liquid or gas that can flow
What is a hypothesis?
An educated guess that can be tested
What is a prototype?
A test model of a solution
What does the nucleus do?
Controls cell activities and contains DNA
What is osmosis?
Movement of water across a membrane from high to low concentration
What is density?
Mass per unit volume
What is the difference between independent and dependent variables?
Independent = changed variable Dependent = measurable variable
What are constraints?
Limits or rules (like budget, time, materials)
What is magnification?
How much larger an object appears under a microscope
What is cellular differentiation?
When cells become specialized for specific jobs
What is viscosity?
A fluids resistance to flow
What is a control group used for?
To provide a baseline group for comparison with tested group
What does success criteria mean?
The requirements a solution must meet to be successful
What is the function of mitochondria?
Produces energy for the cell
Put in order: tissue, organ, cell, organ system
Cell → tissue → organ → organ system
Why do objects float or sink in terms of density?
Objects float if less dense than water, sink if more dense
A student changes the amount of sunlight on plants and measures growth. What are the IV and DV?
IV = Sunlight amount DV = Plant growth
Why is testing important in engineering design?
To improve and refine the solution based on results
What is the difference between plant and animal cells (one key difference)?
Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts; animal cells do not
What is the difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms?
Unicellular = 1 cell Multicellular = Many cells
What is Pascal’s Law?
Pressure applied to a fluid is transmitted equally in all directions