DEFINITIONS 101
What is Flow Rate?
A measure of how quickly fluids move; measured in a volume per unit of time (mL/s).
What are Aerodynamics?
A part of fluid dynamics concerned with how gasses move
Give an example of a substance that had a high flow rate in our lab?
Vinegar, oil, water
What is the fomula for calculating volume of a square object
Length x width x height
What happens to the flow rate of a liquid at different temperatures?
In our demo, the corn syrup moved much slower in the ice water - because according to the particle theory, when something is cooled, the particles slow down.
A system that uses liquids under pressure
Hydrolic System
What is Viscosity?
A measure of how easily a fluids particles are able to slide past one another
What is Hydrodynamics?
A part of fluid dynamics concerned with how liquids move
The slowest fluids in our flow rate experiment were?
- Mustard
At zero and below, ice does what?
Floats - it is most dense at 4 degrees
Explain the difference in density between 1kg of metal vs. 1kg of feathers.
Both items have a mass of 1kg, so they "weigh the same" but they have very different volumes. There will be MUCH more feathers needed to make 1kg.
A system that uses gases under pressure
Pneumatic System
What is Cohesion?
A measure of how strongly the particles of a fluid attract to each other
What is Volume?
The amount of space an object takes up
When a shape is irregular, you can measure the volume by....
The volume by displacement method
Explain how a fish's swim bladder is like a Submarine
When the fish's swim bladder is tightened, it sinks, when the muscles relax it floats.... as the ballast tanks in a sub fill with water it sinks, when they let the water out and fill with air, it floats
If a rectangle has a length of 10, a height of 4 and a width of 6 what is its volume?
240 ml cubed
Explain the difference between a thumbtack and a snowshoe?
A thumbtack concentrates pressure and a snowshoe spreads it out
What is Surface Tension?
The strong attraction among the particles that form the surface of a liquid
What is Density?
A measure of the mass per unit volume of a substance
What are some common fluids in your body?
Blood, saliva, urine, stomach acid etc.
What were some of the most dense substances in our layered density experiment?
- Corn Syrup
- Ketchup
If a graduated cylinder has 200 ml in it and then has 320 ml after a mini car is placed in it, what is the volume of the mini car?
120 ml cubed
Who is Blaise Pascal & why does he matter?
A french mathematician who developed the theory of pressure, that pressure applied to on part of a fluid is spread evenly.
What is Adhesion?
The attraction between the particles of one substance to those of another substance
What is Buoyancy?
The upward supportive force on an object in a fluid
Where did the marble and popcorn kernels end up in our density experiment?
The marble stopped above the corn syrup. The popcorn kernels stopped above the ketchup. This proves that the corn syrup is more dense than the marble and popcorn kernels.
What Substance was the least dense in our layered density experiment?
Cooking Oil
If a fluid flows at a rate of 200ml in 5 seconds, what is its flow rate in 1 second?
40 ml/second
What is a closed system?
A system where no materials enter or leave the system.
What is compressability?
What are the 5 points of the particle Theory?
1) Everything is made of particles.
2) All particles have space between them
3) Particles are attracted to each other
4) Particles are always moving
5) Particles move faster when they are heated
Explain why a small boat is not as buoyant as a large boat
A large boat has more surface area on top of the water, and therefore the upward buoyant force has more area to press up on against gravity
What was the name of the "line" in the water on our surface tension/adhesion experiment?
The meniscus
What is the density of a block that is 50g and has a volume of 20cm cubed.
D = M/V
D = 50/20
D = 2.5 g/cm3
What are the 4 factors that affect Flow Rate?
- Type of Fluid
- Force pushing on the fluid
- Size of Pipe
- Type of surface fluid is flowing over
What is Pressure?
The force applied to a unit of surface area.
Explain the difference between weight and mass
Mass is how much matter is in an object, weight is the force of gravity acting on tha
What experiment proved atmospheric pressure exists?
The upsidedown cup demo Mrs. Cannon did at her sink. The air pressure kept the paper on the cup full of water.
When you connect plungers of two sizes what happens?
The plunger in the smaller syringe moves farther.
The plunger in the smaller syringe is easier to move.
A beaker has a mass of 140g with oil in it and 100g with no oil in it. What is the density of the oil if it has a volume of 30ml.
M = 140-100 = 40g
D = M/V
D = 40/30
D = 1.33 g/ml
How do you calculate flow rate? Formula?
ml/s or L/s... how much of a substance flows per second