Key Terms
________ is the movement of people from rural areas to cities.
Urbanization
What is a city-state?
A city that governs itself and surrounding territories
Which famous explorer’s travels to Asia helped increase European interest in trade with distant lands?
Marco Polo
bubonic plague
What does the term “Renaissance” mean?
Rebirth
A person's opinion based on their own beliefs and principles is called a ________.
value judgment
Which powerful family in Florence was known for being patrons of the arts?
The Medici
The Silk Road was essential to Renaissance trade because it:
Connected Europe with Asia, facilitating the exchange of goods and ideas
How did the Black Death influence European views on religion?
Increased questioning of religious authority
Which factor contributed most to the spread of ideas during the Renaissance?
Trade routes
In a ________, power is held by the people or their representatives.
republic
The city-state of ________ was a center for art and culture during the Renaissance.
Florence (the Medici Family were patrons of the arts and funded the cultural achievements of many artists)
What type of goods were most commonly traded along the Silk Road?
Silks, spices, and exotic goods
What geographic regions were most affected by the Black Death, and why did certain areas suffer more than others?
Southern and central Europe were severely affected due to trade routes and dense populations, making the disease spread more easily.
What was the primary goal of the Crusades?
to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim control
During the Renaissance, ________ were organizations that protected the interests of craftsmen and merchants.
guilds
How did the growth of cities in Italy contribute to the Renaissance?
It created wealthy merchant classes who supported the arts.
Why were Venice and Genoa considered powerful trading centers during the Renaissance?
They had access to Mediterranean Sea trade routes.
In response to labor shortages caused by the Black Death, what economic change occurred?
Increased wages and bargaining power for workers
How did the Crusades impact European knowledge and culture?
They introduced Europe to new ideas, goods, and knowledge from the Islamic world.
A church given particular honor by the Pope is known as a ________.
Basilica
Which city-state established trading posts along the Mediterranean and even as far as the Black Sea?
Venice
What four factors aided in the rise and success of the Italian City-States in Europe?
Geography
Climate
Leadership
Social Organization
What role did art and literature play in reflecting society's response to the Black Death?
Art and literature began to reflect themes of mortality and suffering, with a focus on death and the fragility of life.
The feudal hierarchy of medieval Europe indicates that society in the Middle Ages was based upon what?
Ranking of people according to their level on the hierarchy, land = power.