Cardiovascular System
What gas do red blood cells carry to body tissues?
Oxygen
What gas do we breathe out as waste?
Carbon Dioxide
What do we call tiny organisms that can cause disease?
Pathogens
What is the boiling point of water at sea level (°C)?
100
What is the largest ocean on Earth?
Pacific Ocean
What type of blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
Arteries
What tube carries air from your nose/mouth to your lungs?
The Trachea/windpipe
What type of white blood cell can “eat” pathogens?
Phagocytes
What is the chemical symbol for sodium?
Na
What is the name of the fairy tale girl who loses a glass slipper?
Cinderella
What are the bottom chambers of the heart called?
Ventricles
What are the tiny air sacs where gas exchange happens?
Alveoli
What type of white blood cell produces antibodies?
Lymphocytes (B cells)
What type of bond involves sharing electrons?
Covalent Bond
What is the main language spoken in Brazil?
Portuguese
Which side of the heart pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs?
Right side
What process allows gases to move across alveoli walls?
Diffusion
What type of cells “remember” past infections?
Memory Cells
What type of wave does not require a medium?
Electromagnetic wave
What is the tallest mountain in the world?
What is the name of the large artery that carries blood from the heart to the body?
The Aorta
What muscle below the lungs helps control breathing?
The Diaphragm
Why is the second exposure to a pathogen usually less severe?
Memory cells respond faster and stronger
What is the difference between mass and weight?
Mass = amount of matter; Weight = force of gravity on mass
In what year did World War II end?
1945
What molecule in red blood cells binds oxygen?
Hemoglobin
What happens to lung pressure during inhalation?
What is herd immunity?
When enough people are immune to stop spread of disease
What is the largest organ in the human body?
The skin
What does “WWW” stand for?
World Wide Web
Why do arteries have thicker walls than veins?
To handle higher pressure from the heart
Why are alveoli well-suited for gas exchange? Give one reason.
Large surface area / thin walls / good blood supply
What is a vaccine?
A weakened/inactive pathogen (or part of it) used to trigger immunity
What is the pH of a neutral solution?
7
What is the smallest country in the world?
Vatican City
What is the function of platelets?
To help blood clot
What is the name of the muscle group used during forced exhalation besides intercostals?
Abdominal Muscles
What is an autoimmune disease?
When the immune system attacks the body’s own cells
What is the difference between speed and velocity?
Velocity includes direction; speed does not
Who painted the Mona Lisa?
Leonardo Da Vinci
What happens during diastole?
The heart relaxes and fills with blood
Why does gas exchange stop if ventilation stops, even if blood is still flowing?
No concentration gradient is maintained without fresh air
Why is mutation in pathogens (like viruses) a challenge for vaccines?
Antigens change, so old immunity may not recognize them
What is the formula for density?
Mass ÷ volume
What is the capital of Australia?
Canberra
What is the name of the natural pacemaker of the heart?
What is the term for the volume of air moved in and out during normal breathing?
The tidal volume
Why don’t antibiotics work against viruses?
Viruses are not living cells and replicate differently
Why do metals conduct electricity well?
They have free-moving electrons
What is the name of the longest-running TV animated series?
The Simpsons