Enlightenment Thinkers & Ideas
This philosopher believed that people need a strong government to maintain order.
Who is Thomas Hobbes?)
This war, also called the French and Indian War, set the stage for the American Revolution.
What is the Seven Years’ War?
One major cause of the French Revolution was economic hardship caused by this.
What is government overspending?
This term describes the shift toward manufacturing in the 18th and 19th centuries.
What is the Industrial Revolution?)
This belief justified U.S. territorial expansion across North America.
What is Manifest Destiny?
The Enlightenment idea that governments and citizens have mutual responsibilities is called this.
What is the Social Contract?
This slogan summarized the American colonists’ complaints against Britain’s taxation policies.
What is “No taxation without representation”?
In a dramatic display of power and defiance, this French leader took the crown from the Pope’s hands and placed it on his own head during his coronation?
Who is Napoleon Bonaparte?
This was the most important energy source for factories during the Industrial Revolution.
What are steam engines?)
The U.S. Civil War was fought over these three key issues.
What are slavery, states’ rights, and sectionalism?
According to Enlightenment thinkers, people are born with these fundamental rights.
What are Natural Rights?
The Declaration of Independence officially proclaimed this.
What is the United States’ independence from Britain?)
This military commander won key victories across Europe, including Friedland, Jena, Wagram, and Marengo
Who is Napoleon Bonaparte?
This German philosopher wrote about class struggle and capitalism’s flaws.
Who is Karl Marx?
Reformers who fought to end slavery in the U.S. were known as this.
What are abolitionists?
Voltaire was known for advocating for this freedom in government and society.
What is freedom of speech?
This battle convinced France to support the American Revolution.
What is the Battle of Saratoga?
Historians mark this event as the beginning of Napoleon’s downfall.
What is the Invasion of Russia?
This economic system emphasizes free markets and private ownership of industry.
What is capitalism?
Italy and Germany were both unified during this decade.
What is the 1860s?
The idea that government power should be divided to prevent tyranny was promoted by this Enlightenment thinker.
Who is Montesquieu?
The American Revolutionary War ended with this surrender.
What is Cornwallis’ surrender at Yorktown?
After Napoleon’s defeat, European leaders gathered at this conference to restore stability.
What is the Congress of Vienna?
Industrialization led to rapid migration toward these types of areas.
What are cities?
Simón Bolívar played a key role in forming this South American nation.
What is Gran Colombia?