Cells
The major difference between plant and animal cells
Animal cells do not have a cell wall and chloroplasts
The offspring begins as a small outgrowth. Eventually, this "bud" breaks off and becomes an organism on its own.
Budding
Type of fertilization used by mammals, birds, and insects
A jelly like liquid inside the cell where other parts float
Cytoplasm
A new organism is formed from a part that breaks off from the parent
Fragmentation
Egg is fertilized outside of the body.
External Fertilization
Organism splits directly into two equal sized offspring, each with a copy of the parent's genetic offspring.
Binary Fission
Transfer of genetic material directly from one cell to another (in bacteria)
Variations in a heritable trait that have a limited amount of possibilities
Discrete Variations
Whip-like tail that assists with movement of the cell
Flagella/Flagellum
These plants produce a runner that can develop into plants with identical genetic information
Vegetative reproduction
Zygospore
Alteration of the genetic information encoded by our DNA by both environmental factors and random errors
Mutation
Scientist that confirmed bacteria and other single-celled organisms are carried in the air on dust particles and water vapour.
Louis Pasteur
Two halves of a duplicated chromosome
Sister chromatid
Spore formation
Produce seeds that are covered by fruit. The seed is formed when the pollen and ovule unite during pollination.
Angiosperms
The study of how environmental factors influence gene expression
Epigenetics