Ecology
What are the different spheres of the earth and what are their definitions?
Lithosphere: Earth's solid outer layer
Hydrosphere: All of Earth's water
Atmosphere: Layer of gases on Earth
Biosphere: Zone where life exists
What are the 5 statements of the particle theory of matter?
1. All matter is made of particles
2. Particles of matter are constantly in motion
3. Particles of matter are attracted to each other
4. Particles of matter have spaces between them
5. A temperature increases, particles move faster
State the "Law of Electric Charges"
Objects that have like charges repel each other
Objects that have opposite charges attract each other
What factors would need to be met to classify a celestial object a planet?
- Must orbit a star
- Have enough mass so gravity pulls it into a stable sphere
- Dominate its orbit
What is the photosynthesis word equation?
Carbon dioxide + water --(sunlight)-> oxygen + sugar
What are evidence that can be used to determine a chemical change?
1. Change of color
2. Change of odour
3. Bubbles of gas produced without heating
4. Precipitate forms
5. Change in temperature or light
Explain the difference between:
Charging by conduction vs. Charging by induction
Conduction: A charged object comes in contact with another object (charged or neutral)
Induction: Charging a neutral object by bringing a charged object close to, but not touching, the neutral object
Define a luminous and non-luminous object and provide examples of each
Luminous - Produces its own light (the Sun, stars)
Non-luminous - Doesn't produce its own light (Earth, the Moon)
In a pyramid of energy, how much energy is lost going up the pyramid?
10%
Rank the chemical families from LEAST reactive to MOST reactive
Holgens, Alkali Metals, Noble Gases, Alkaline Earth Metals
Noble Gases, Halogens, Alkaline Earth Metals, Alkali Metals
What does the term "grounding" refer to?
Connecting an object to a large body, like Earth, that is capable of effectively removing an electric charge
Explain the difference between Earth's rotation and revolution
Earth's revolution - How Earth revolves around the Sun, revolves once every 365.25 days
What does the term "extirpated" mean?
A species that no longer exists in a certain area
Explain the difference between a cation and an anion
Cation - Lost electrons, has a positive charge
Anion - Gains electrons, has a negative charge
What advantage does parallel circuits have that makes them more practical than series circuits?
Parallel - If one loop is disconnected, then the other(s) remains powered
Series - If one device stops working, all devices stop working
Explain the difference between a solar and lunar eclipse
Solar Eclipse - Occurs when the moon is between the Sun and Earth, blocking the Sun's light to Earth
Lunar Eclipse - Occurs when the Earth is between the Sun and the moon, blocking the Sun's light to the moon
Name at least one control method for invasive species and explain what is used
Chemical - Use of pesticides
Mechanical - Use of physical barriers or removal
Biological - Introducing an organism to control invasive species
Match the scientist to their discovery
Dalton; Thomson; Rutherford; Bohr; Chadwick
1) Electrons travel around the nucleus in specific orbits
2) Discovered proton & theory that atoms are mostly empty space
3) Determined that the mass of a proton approximately equals the mass of a neutron
4) Discovered the electron & created the “plum pudding” model
5) Hypothesis that all matter is made up of indivisible atoms
1) Bohr
2) Rutherford
3) Chadwick
4) Thomson
5) Dalton
What unit is used to represent the following when solving circuits:
Potential Difference, Current, and Resistance
Potential Difference - Voltage
Current - Amps
Resistance - Ohms
Supernova, red giant, super giant, white dwarf, black dwarf, nebula, black hole, neutron star, main-sequence star, planetary nebula
Nebula -> Main-sequence star -> Supergiant -> Supernova -> Neutron star OR Blackhole
Nebula -> Main-sequence star -> Red giant -> Planetary Nebula -> White Dwarf -> Black dwarf