The French Revolution
This medieval fortress and prison was stormed on July 14, 1789, marking the symbolic start of the revolution.
What is the Bastille?
Napoleon’s invasion of this European peninsula in 1807 sparked a crisis of legitimacy that triggered revolutions in Latin America.
What is the Iberian Peninsula?
This brilliant military commander and former enslaved man led Haiti to independence.
Who was Toussaint L'Ouverture?
The Industrial Revolution officially began in this European island nation due to its abundant coal, iron, and waterways.
What is Great Britain?
This phrase described the 19th-century belief that the United States was divinely ordained to expand across the entire North American continent.
What is Manifest Destiny?
This three-word slogan captured the core ideals of the French revolutionaries.
What is "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"?
This 1803 land deal between Napoleon and Thomas Jefferson doubled the size of the United States.
What is the Louisiana Purchase?
He is known as "The Liberator" of South America and dreamed of creating a unified nation called Gran Colombia.
Who was Simón Bolívar?
Invented by Eli Whitney, this machine revolutionized the textile industry but drastically increased the demand for enslaved labor in the American South.
What is the cotton gin?
This war fought in the 1840s ended with the U.S. acquiring California and the modern-day American Southwest.
What is the Mexican-American War?
He was the radical leader of the Jacobins who spearheaded the Reign of Terror.
Who was Maximilien Robespierre?
Napoleon's failed attempt to reinstate slavery in this Caribbean colony led to the destruction of his army by disease and warfare.
What is Saint-Domingue?
Unlike its neighbors, this large South American country achieved a relatively bloodless independence when its own prince declared himself emperor.
What is Brazil?
This structural shift occurred as millions of people moved away from rural farms to find factory work in crowded cities.
What is urbanization?
This tragic, forced migration of Native Americans resulted from the Indian Removal Act, clearing ancestral lands for white settlement.
What is the Trail of Tears?
This was the pre-revolutionary social system that divided French society into the Clergy, Nobility, and Commoners.
What are the Three Estates?
This uniform set of laws enacted by Napoleon in 1804 abolished feudalism, promoted religious tolerance, and spread across Europe through his conquests.
What is the Napoleonic Code?
This Mexican priest ignited the war for independence against Spain with his famous speech, the Grito de Dolores.
Who was Miguel Hidalgo? (Father Hidalgo)
James Watt drastically improved this vital invention, which allowed factories to move away from rivers and powered early locomotives.
What is the steam engine?
This major geographic feature and shipping route became entirely controlled by the U.S. following the Louisiana Purchase.
What is the Mississippi River?
This executive body of five men ruled France after the Reign of Terror but was overthrown by Napoleon in 1799.
What was the Directory?
The occupation of European nations by French troops inadvertently birthed this powerful 19th-century ideology, defined by loyalty to one's shared culture and nation.
What is nationalism?
This was the specific name for wealthy, Spanish-born colonists who held the highest government positions in Latin America, causing deep resentment among local creoles.
What are Peninsulares?
A new social layer of factory owners, merchants, bankers, and professionals emerged, capturing enormous wealth and gradually challenging the old aristocratic land-owning elite for social supremacy.
What is the middle class?
This specific 1820 legislative compromise attempted to maintain the balance of power between free and slave states as expansion moved westward.
What is the Missouri Compromise?