Particle Theory
What is matter made of?
Tiny particles
Who created the first periodic table?
Mendeleev.
What charge does a proton have?
Positive (+)
How many electrons fit in the first shell?
2
Is melting ice a physical or chemical change?
Physical
True or false: Particles are always moving.
True
Elements in the same group have similar ____________.
Chemical properties.
What subatomic particle has no charge?
Neutron
How many electrons fit in the second shell?
8
Is burning wood a physical or chemical change?
Chemical
What happens to particle movement when the temperature increases?
Particles move faster
Which category contains the majority of elements?
Metals.
How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?
Atomic mass – atomic number.
Draw the Bohr–Rutherford diagram for Lithium (3 electrons).
2 in the first shell, 1 in the second.
Give two physical properties.
Colour, texture, density, melting point, etc.
Name three points of particle theory.
Any three: made of particles, always moving, spaces between particles, attracted to each other, move faster when heated.
How is the periodic table arranged left to right?
By increasing atomic number.
A positive ion has more __________ than __________.
More protons than electrons
What information do you need to draw a Bohr–Rutherford diagram?
Number of protons, neutrons, electrons; electron shell capacities.
Give two chemical properties.
Combustibility, reactivity with acids, ability to rust, etc.
Explain why heated air rises using particle theory.
Particles move faster, spread out, become less dense, and rise.
Name two ways metals differ from non-metals.
Metals: shiny, conductive, malleable; non-metals: dull, brittle, insulators.
What is an isotope?
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
Draw the Bohr–Rutherford diagram for Oxygen (8 electrons).
2 in the first shell, 6 in the second.
Explain the difference between physical and chemical changes.
Physical changes do not form new substances; chemical changes do.