Composition
A topical outline.
A sentence outline uses full sentences with periods for the points.
What follows the salutation of a business letter vs. a friendly letter?
A business letter gets a colon.
Ex. Dear Head of School:
A friendly letter gets a comma.
Ex. Dear Bob,
When do you capitalize common nouns or adjectives such as bridge or school?
When they are being used as part of a proper name such as Golden Gate Bridge, or North Ridge School
Do we capitalize seasons?
Do we capitalize days of the week?
seasons - no
days of the week - yes
What is a group of related words that does not contain a subject and a verb?
A phrase
A clause will have a subject and a verb
Find the subject(s), verb(s), and complement(s) of this sentence.
Yesterday, my dad cut my neighbor's grass.
Dad...cut...grass
Plan, write, rewrite, edit
Which punctuation indicates a list will follow it?
the colon :
When capitalizing brand names, do you capitalize the product as well?
Ex. L.L. Bean (backpack/Backpack)
No. Only capitalize the brand name.
When do we capitalize titles like president or governor?
When they are part of the name.
Ex. Governor Smith, but not Smith is the governor.
What is a clause, and what's the difference between a dependent clause and an independent clause?
A clause is a group of related words that contains both a subject and a verb.
An independent clause can stand alone as a sentence, a dependent clause can't.
Diagram Diagram the subject(s), and verb(s) of this sentence on the board:
The men learned the skills to pilot an aircraft.
men...learned
What two marks of punctuation can be used at the end of an imperative sentence?
Period or exclamation point.
Punctuate this indirect quote: Theodore Roosevelt told people to speak quietly but be ready for a fight
...quietly, but be ready for a fight.
Indirect quotes end with periods.
When do we capitalize class names such as BIOLOGY and ENGLISH?
When it's a proper noun (English class), or when it has a class number (Biology 101).
We abbreviate honorable and reverend when used with a full name, except when it's preceded by what word?
The
Find subjects, verbs, and complements.
The Tuskegee Airmen formed the 332nd Fighter Group and 477th Bombardment Group.
Tuskegee Airmen...formed...332nd Fighter Group/477the Bombardment Group
Two-part question: What is the opening sentence in a paragraph that states the main idea? And what is the closing sentence that restates the main idea?
Topic sentence
Summarizing (or clincher) sentence
What punctuation do you use between independent clauses joined by transitional words such as therefore, thus, or consquently?
semicolon
ex. He wanted to go; therefore he woke up two hours early.
Name one way we use parentheses.
1. To set off parenthetical elements (further explanations, supplementary information, translation, or technical expressions) that are not grammatically related to the rest of the sentence.
2. To show alphabetical or numerical values in a list that is in the text.
Ex. We must (1) study for the test and (2) get enough sleep.
Which two single letter words do we always capitalize?
I and O, as in, "O God, you are my God."
What is saying as much as possible, as clearly as possible, and in as few words as possible?
Conciseness
Find the subject(s), verb(s), and complement(s) in this sentence:
In 1492, Christopher Columbus sailed the Atlantic Ocean and discovered the New World.
Christopher Columbus...sailed...Atlantic Ocean
discovered...New World
What is it called when all the points in a paragraph are in a good order and the relationship between details are clear and easy to understand?
Coherence
Name three of the four ways we use hyphens.
1. Between compound numbers
2. To divide a word at the end of a line
3. In fractions
4. With the prefixes all- and ex-; the suffix -elect; and with prefixes before a proper noun or adjective.
Ex. President-elect anti-war
With most compound adjectives used before a noun
ex. Four-time world record
Which marks of punctuation ALWAYS go inside the closing quotation marks if they immediately follow the quote?
only commas and periods.
Questions marks and exclamation points only go inside when the quote is a question.
colons and semicolons always go outside the closing quotation marks.
Ex. Andrea sang "God Bless America"; Jordan played the trumpet.
Explain how we capitalize titles.
Always capitalize the first and last word and every word except conjunctions, articles (a, an, the), and prepositions.
What is it called when you combine two clauses in such a way to show the relationship between the two ideas?
(often by adding another word to the beginning of one clause)
Subordination
diagram the subject(s) and verb(s):
Kyle, Chuck, and Hannah sang a song and gave their testimonies during chapel.
Kyle/Chuck/Hannah...sang/gave
What are the three ways to develop paragraphs?
Name two of the three ways we use dashes.
1. After a series of words or phrases that give details about the statement that is to follow.
2. To indicate faltering speech or unfinished construction.
3. To indicate parenthetical elements that are emphasized or that contain internal punctuation.
What is one of the two uses for ellipsis points?
...
1. To indicate that a word, phrase, or whole portion of the text has been omitted without changing the meaning of the text.
2. To indicate an unfinished thought, pause, or silence in informal writing.
When do you capatalize the familial words aunt, mom, and cousin?
Capitalize aunt when it is part of a name. Capitalize mom when used in place of a name. Capitalizing cousin is archaic and rarely done now, but if we did, we would be using it as part of the name.
What do we call a sentence where the verb, or part of the verb phrase, comes before the subject?
An inverted sentence
Diagram subject(s) and verb(s) on the board.
Leah and Laura will decorate the Christmas tree and bake cookies.
Leah/Laura...will decorate/x bake