Tenses
What is the simple past of "buy"?
bought
How do you form the present continuous tense?
🧩 Structure:
Subject + am / is / are + verb + -ing
What is the difference between "will" and "be going to"?
🧩 1. “Will” → for decisions made now, offers, promises, predictions
We use will when we decide at the moment of speaking or when we promise, offer, or predict.
✅ Examples:
I’m cold — I’ll close the window. → (decision made now)
Don’t worry, I’ll help you. → (offer)
It’ll rain tomorrow. → (prediction based on opinion)
I’ll call you tonight. → (promise)
🧠 Form:
will + base verb
👉 I will go / She will come / We will see
🧩 2. “Be going to” → for plans and intentions, or predictions based on evidence
We use be going to when we already decided or planned to do something before speaking, or when there is clear evidence about the future.
✅ Examples:
I’m going to visit my parents this weekend. → (plan)
She’s going to study medicine. → (intention)
Look at those dark clouds! It’s going to rain. → (evidence)
🧠 Form:
am / is / are + going to + base verb
👉 I’m going to go / He’s going to buy / They’re going to travel
When should you use "must" instead of "should"?
🧩 1. MUST = strong obligation or necessity
Use must when something is very important, required, or necessary.
Examples:
You must wear a seatbelt in the car. → (it’s the law)
I must call my mom. → (very important for me)
Students must be on time. → (a rule)
🧠 Form:
must + base verb
→ You must go / He must study / We must stop
🧩 2. SHOULD = advice, recommendation, or weak obligation
Use should when you are giving advice or talking about what’s a good idea, not a strict rule.
✅ Examples:
You should eat more vegetables. → (it’s good for you)
He should study harder. → (advice)
You shouldn’t stay up too late. → (it’s better not to)
🧠 Form:
should + base verb
→ You should go / She should rest / They should listen
Provide the superlative form of "good".
the best
How do you form a negative sentence in the past simple?
🧩 Structure:
Subject + did not (didn’t) + base form of the verb
Give an example of a present continuous sentence.
your answer
Write a sentence using "will" to express a promise.
I will call you tonight
How is "can" used in a sentence?
🧩 Structure:
Subject + can + base form of the verb
✅ 1. Ability – to say someone is able to do something
I can swim very well.
She can speak three languages.
They can run fast.
🧠 Means: someone has the skill or power to do it.
✅ 2. Permission – to say someone is allowed to do something
You can go now.
Can I use your phone?
Students can leave after class.
🧠 Means: it’s okay or allowed.
✅ 3. Possibility – to say something is possible or sometimes happens
It can be very hot in summer.
Anyone can make a mistake.
Learning English can be fun!
🧠 Means: something is possible, not always true.
🚫 Negative form:
can’t or cannot → means “not able,” “not allowed,” or “impossible.”
I can’t drive. (not able)
You can’t smoke here. (not allowed)
It can’t be true! (impossible)
What is the comparative form of "happy"?
Happier
What is the structure of a question in the present simple?
🧩 1️⃣ With most verbs (not “to be”)
Structure:
👉 Do / Does + subject + base verb (+ rest of the sentence)?
✅ Examples:
Do you like pizza?
Does she work here?
Do they play football on weekends?
Does he speak English?
🧠 Remember:
After do/does, the verb is always in the base form (no -s!).
❌ Does she works here?
✅ Does she work here?
🧩 2️⃣ With the verb “to be” (am / is / are)
Structure:
👉 Am / Is / Are + subject (+ rest of the sentence)?
✅ Examples:
Are you tired?
Is he your brother?
Am I late?
🧠 Here you don’t use “do/does” — just move “am/is/are” to the front.
What are two common uses of the present continuous?
🧩 1️⃣ Actions happening now (right at this moment)
Use the Present Continuous for things that are in progress right now — while you are speaking.
✅ Examples:
She is talking on the phone.
They are watching TV.
I am studying English right now.
🧠 Think: “What’s happening right now?” → Use am/is/are + verb-ing.
🧩 2️⃣ Temporary actions or situations (around now, not forever)
Use it for actions that are temporary, even if they’re not happening exactly this second.
✅ Examples:
I’m living in London for a few months.
He’s working on a new project this week.
We’re staying at a hotel while our house is being repaired.
🧠 Think: “Something that is happening for a short time, not permanent.”
⚡ Bonus use (optional for higher levels):
Future arrangements
→ We’re meeting our friends tomorrow.
Write a sentence using "be going to" for a plan.
Example:
✅ I’m going to visit my parents this weekend.
In what context would you use "should"?
You use “should” when you want to give advice, make a recommendation, or talk about what’s the right thing or a good idea to do.
🧩 Main contexts for using “should”:
1️⃣ Giving advice or suggestions
→ when you tell someone what’s a good idea to do.
✅ You should eat more vegetables.
✅ He should study harder.
✅ You shouldn’t stay up so late.
2️⃣ Expressing opinion or expectation
→ when you think something is right or likely to happen.
✅ She should be here by now.
✅ The movie should be interesting.
3️⃣ Polite recommendations or instructions
✅ You should try that new restaurant.
✅ Visitors should turn off their phones.
Provide a sentence using the comparative form of "tall".
Example:
My brother is taller than me.
Identify the verb tense in the sentence: "She has been studying for her exams."
present perfect continuous
Provide an example of a situation where you would use the present continuous tense instead of the simple present.
You’re on the phone with a friend and they ask, “What are you doing?”
You answer: “I’m cooking dinner.”
Provide an example of when you would use "will" versus "be going to."
🔹 Use “will”
→ for decisions made at the moment of speaking, promises, or predictions not based on evidence.
✅ Examples:
I’m thirsty — I’ll make some tea. → (decision made right now)
Don’t worry, I’ll help you. → (promise)
I think it will rain tomorrow. → (prediction without evidence)
🔹 Use “be going to”
→ for plans or intentions made before the moment of speaking, or predictions based on present evidence.
✅ Examples:
I’m going to visit my parents this weekend. → (plan decided earlier)
Look at those dark clouds! It’s going to rain. → (prediction based on evidence)
⚖️ Comparison
I think I’ll call her tonight. → spontaneous decision
I’m going to call her tonight. → planned action
Construct a sentence using "must" to indicate obligation.
Example: You must wear a seatbelt while driving.
Provide an example of a sentence comparing two cities using comparatives.
Example: New York is bigger than Boston. 🏙️
Provide an example of a sentence using both past simple and present simple tenses.
I watched a movie last night, and I feel tired today.
Discuss the difference between the present continuous and the present simple tense with examples.
🕐 Present Simple
We use the present simple to talk about:
Habits and routines
General truths or facts
Permanent situations
✅ Structure:
Subject + base verb (+s/es for he/she/it)
✅ Examples:
I work in an office. → (a permanent situation)
She drinks coffee every morning. → (a habit)
The sun rises in the east. → (a general truth)
🔄 Present Continuous
We use the present continuous to talk about:
Actions happening right now
Temporary situations
Changing or developing actions
✅ Structure:
Subject + am/is/are + verb-ing
✅ Examples:
I’m working on a new project right now. → (happening at the moment)
She’s staying with her friends this week. → (temporary situation)
The weather is getting colder. → (a changing situation)
How do you express a future intention using both "will" and "be going to" in a single context?
I think I’ll call Emma now and tell her that I am going to visit her next week.
Discuss the nuances of obligation and permission using "must" and "can" and "have to "in different contexts
Nuance:
“Must” sounds stronger and more urgent than “have to.”
Compare:
You have to wear a mask. (rule or external requirement)
You must wear a mask. (stronger personal or moral necessity)
Nuance:
“Can” sounds friendly and informal.
More polite forms in formal contexts: May I…?, Could I…?
Explain the rules for forming superlatives with adjectives of three syllables or more.
When an adjective has three syllables or more, we don’t add “-est” to form the superlative.
Instead, we use “the most” (or “the least”) before the adjective.
🔹 Rule:
the most / the least + adjective
✅ Examples:
beautiful → the most beautiful
→ This is the most beautiful place I’ve ever seen.
expensive → the most expensive
→ That’s the most expensive restaurant in town.
interesting → the most interesting
→ She told us the most interesting story.
comfortable → the most comfortable
→ This is the most comfortable chair in the room.
🧠 Notes:
Use “the most” for the highest degree of a quality.
Use “the least” for the lowest degree:
→ That was the least exciting movie I’ve ever seen.