Verbs
What are three general verb conjugation in Bosnian?
Verbs ending in ITI
Raditi conjugation (Ja) radim, (Oni) rade
Verbs ending in ATI
Pjevati conjugation (Ja) pjevam, (Oni) pjevaju
Verbs like Čuti
Čuti conjugation (Ja) čujem, (Oni) čuju
MAKE POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES OF NOUNS ON THE LEFT SO THAT THEY MATCH NOUNS ON THE RIGHT:
MAMA DIJETE
BRAT AUTO
KOLEGA POSAO
MAMINO DIJETE
BRATOV AUTO
KOLEGIN POSAO
TWO CASES IN BOSNIAN CASE SYSTEM HAVE THE SAME ENDING. WHAT ARE THOSE CASES AND WHAT IS THE ONLY DIFFERENCE?
DATIVE AND LOCATIVE
LOCATIVE MUST BE ALWAYS USED WITH PREPOSITION.
ENCLITICS ARE SHORT, UNSTRESSED WORDS. IN A SENTENCE THEY OCCUR AFTER...
- AFTER THE FIRST STRESSED WORD
- AFTER: ČIM, ALI, JER, ILI, KAD, ZBOG TOGA, ŠTO.
- AFTER CLAUSES: DA, TAKO, TAKO DA, SAMO ŠTO…
STATE THREE DIFFERENT WAYS TO FORM A QUESTION IN BOSNIAN
1. DA LI...?
2. JE LI...?
3. CONJ. VERB + LI...?
IN BOSNIAN, WHEN USING VERBS IN THE PAST TENSE WE NEED TO ADD...
SHORT FORM OF THE VERB TO BE: 'SAM, SI, JE, SMO STE, SU...'
EXPLAIN A CHANGE THAT HAPPENS WHEN MASCULINE FORM ADJECTIVES ENDING ON -AR OR - AN ARE USED IN FEMININE OR NEUTER GENDER
MASCULINE FORM ADJECTIVES ENDING IN -AN OR -AR WILL LOSE THE 'A' WHEN USED IN FEMININE OR NEUTER GENDER:
DOBAR
DOBRA, DOBRO
INTERESANTAN
INTERESANTNA, INTERESANTNO
INSTRUMENTAL IS ONE OF THE CASES IN BOSNIAN CASE SYSTEM. REMIND US ABOUT THIS CASE BY TELLING US AS MUCH AS YOU CAN INCLUDING THE CASE ENDINGS, PREPOSITIONS, AND USAGE.
MASC.:IM, EM/IMA
FEM.: OM/IM, OM/AMA
NEU.: IM, EM/IMA
MANNER, COMPANY, REGULAR ACTIVITY AT CERTAIN TIME..
PREPOSITIONS: S/SA, NAD/POD, MEĐU, ZA, PRED...
ORDER OF MULTIPLE ENCLITICS IN A SENTENCE IS:
1. INTERROGATIVE 'LI'
2. VERBAL ENCLITIC 'SAM, SI, JE...'
3. ENCLITIC PRONOUN ' DATIVE'
4. ENCLITIC PRONOUN 'GEN OR ACCUSATIVE'
5. REFLEXIVE 'SE'
6. NEGATION 'NE'
TRANSLATE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE IN BOSNIAN:
THERE ARE FIVE NEW RESTAURANTS IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD.
U KOMŠILUKU IMA PET NOVIH RESTORANA.
CONJUGATE THESE VERBS IN PRESENT AND PAST TENSE:
KUPOVATI
RADOVATI SE
PUTOVATI
VJEROVATI
KUPUJEM,
RADUJEM SE,
PUTUJEM,
VJERUJEM
CREATE POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE OUT OF THESE NOUNS:
NJEMAČKA,
VOJNIK,
TRAVNIK,
AMERIKA,
PRAVNIK,
PREDUZETNIK...
NJEMAČKI,A,O
VOJNIČKI,A,O
TRAVNIČKI,A,O
AMERIČKI,A,O
PRAVNIČKI,A,O
PREDUZETNIČKI,A,O
EXPLAIN CHANGE THAT HAPPENS IN MASCULINE GENDER NOUNS (NOUNS ENDING IN -AK AND -AC) IN GENITIVE SINGULAR AND GENITIVE PLURAL?
EXAMPLE: ČLANAK
IN GENITIVE SINGULAR THESE NOUNS WILL AFFECTED BY FLEETING A AND IN GEN. PL THE FLEETING A WILL REAPPEAR.
NOMINATIV:DOBAR MOMAK
GENITIV SG.: DOBROG MOMKA
GENITIV PL. : DOBRIH MOMAKA
TRANSLATE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO BOSNIAN:
HE SAID THAT HE REMEMBERS US SINCE WE SPENT SO MUCH TIME TOGETHER IN THE PAST.
REKAO JE DA NAS SE SJEĆA JER SMO PROVELI MNOGO VREMENA ZAJEDNO U PROŠLOSTI.
SOME FEMININE NOUNS END ON CONSONANT INSTEAD OF REGULAR VOWEL -A. HOW DO WE DECLINE SUCH NOUNS?
SIMPLY BY ADDING -I ENDING.
RIJEČ - RIJEČI
UMJETNOST - UMJETNOSTI
AKTIVNOST - AKTIVNOSTI
NAME FIVE VERBS THAT CHANGE IN PRESENT TENSE DUE TO SOUND CHANGE
Z = Ž
G = Ž
S = Š
PISATI
KAZATI
POMOĆI
SLAGATI
DOKAZATI
MAKE COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE:
INTERESANTAN
BOGAT
SKUP
NIZAK
INTERESANTNIJI, NAJINTERESANTNIJI
BOGATIJI, NAJBOGATIJI
SKUPLJI, NAJSKUPLJI
NIŽI, NAJNIŽI
PREPOSITION 'NA' IS USED IN TWO CASES. EXPLAIN WHAT CASES ARE THOSE AND WHEN EACH IS USED?
- ACCUSATIVE
IDEM NA KAFU...
- LOCATIVE
KNJIGA JE NA STOLU...
KORUPCIJA NA BALKANU...
HVALA NA PITANJU..
UNSCRAMBLE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE SO THAT IT MAKES SENSE:
SAM/ ĆUO/ REKLA /ME /DA/ SJEĆA /NE / JE /DA/ TE/ SE/.
ČUO SAM DA JE REKLA DA TE SE NE SJEĆA.
GIVE A FEW EXAMPLES WHEN TO USE PREPOSITION 'U' AND WHEN 'NA' IN TERMS OF LOCATION AND PLACE?
- 'U' - IN THE PLACE (U SARAJEVU, U ARLINGTONU, U ATLANTI, U AMBASADI, U KUĆI, U BIBLIOTECI..)
- 'NA' - USED WITH NOUNS DENOTING AN OPEN SPACE, A LARGE FLAT AREA OR THE TOP OF A CERTAIN AREA, AS WELL SOME EVENT (NA FAKULTETU, NA KONCERTU, NA POSLU, NA PLANINI, NA ČASU, NA AUTOPUTU..)
NAME SOME FEATURES OF PERFECTIVE AND IMPERFECTIVE VERBS AND WHEN TO USE THEM
give at least one pair of imperfective and perfective verbs
IMPERFECTIVE VERBS ARE USUALLY LONGER THAN PERFECTIVE ONES AND CAN HAVE INFIXES (-AVA, OVA). PERFECTIVE VERBS USUALLY ARE SHORTER AND HAVE PREFIXES LIKE (-NA, PRO, IS) ADDED TO THE INFINITIVE.
ČESTO, UVIJEK, NIKAD, PONEKAD - IMPERFECTIVE
JEDNOM, ČIM, ODMAH - PERFECTIVE
NAME ALL POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES (PRONOUNS) AND CREATE ONE SENTENCE USING AT LEAST TWO IN IT:
MY, YOURS, HIS, HERS, OUR, YOUR, THEIR
MOJ,A,E,
TVOJ,A,E
NJEGOV,A,O
NAŠ,A,E
VAŠ,A,E
NJIHOV,A,O
EXPLAIN A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DATIVE AND ACCUSATIVE CASE AND PROVIDE A SENTENCE FOR EACH.
DATIVE CASE - INDIRECT OBJECT
ACCUSATIVE CASE - DIRECT OBJECT
ČEKAM PRIJATELJA DA DOĐE NA PRIJEM.
ZOVEM PRIJATELJA KOJEM SAM JAVIO DA DOĐE NA PRIJEM.
CREATE A SENTENCE CONSISTING OF AT LEAST TWO ENCLITICS.
JAVIT ĆU TI SE.
SJEĆAŠ LI SE NJIHOVIH PRIJATELJA S KOJIMA SMO SLAVILI NOVU GOD.?
IN DATIVE AND LOCATIVE CASE SINGULAR FORM OF FEMININE GENDER NOUNS AND PLURAL FORM OF MASCULINE NOUNS HAVE SOUND CHANGE. GIVE SOME EXAMPLES AND MENTION AT LEAST ONE NOUN THAT IS EXCEPTION TO THIS RULE!
DJEVOJKA - DJEVOJCI
KNJIGA - KNJIZI
MOMAK - MOMCIMA
VOJNIK - VOJNICIMA
EXCEPTION:
KOLEGA - KOLEGI
BAKA - BAKI