Santa Clause
What is a clause
A group of word with a subject and verb
What is a phrase?
A group of words that has either a subject or a verb, never both
What is a predicate nominative?
A noun or pronoun that follows a linking verb and RENAMES the subject
What do we mean by excessive coordination?
When we use too many compound sentences--stringing independent clauses together with and's, so's, and then's.
Excessive coordination often cannot indicate the exact relationship between ideas, nor it can indicate their relative importance
What is a dangling modifier?
A phrase or an elliptical clause that does not sensibly modify any other words in the sentence.
Define the two types of clauses
Dependent clause: cannot stand alone in a sentence
Independent clause: can stand alone in a sentence
List the different KINDS of phrases
prepositional, gerund, participle, infinitive, appositive, nominative absolute
What is a nominative absolute?
a noun followed by a participle that serves no grammatical function, it simply adds more interest to the sentence
What do we mean by subordination?
When we change a compund sentence into a complex sentence by making one of the independent clauses into a dependent clause.
Correct the following sentence:
After walking for hours, the car looked wonderful.
After we walked for hours, we thought the car looked wonderful.
Define the three uses of a clause in a sentence
Clauses can be used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs
Define the three FUNCTIONS of a phrase in a sentence
Phrases can be used as nouns, adjectives or adverbs, refer to page 30 for a summary.
What is an objective complement?
A noun or an adjective that is sometimes neded in addition to the DO to comple the sense of a verb.
They made him treasurer.
Him is DO, treasurer is OC
Think: They made him (to be) treasurer.
Correct the following sentence:
Mr. Smith is the county commissioner, and he is out neighbor.
Mr. Smith, the county commissioner, is our neighbor.
Correct the following sentence:
While watching a classic film, commercials are irritating.
Commercials are irritating while watching a film.
Identify the dependent clause in the following sentence and then tell its function:
The students who are on the food committee need to meet with Mr. Jackson after class.
Dependent clause: who are on the food committee, ADJ
Identify the following phrase and its function, if applicable:
My uncle is going bald on top.
Phrase: on top
Kind: prepositional phrase
Function: adverb, modifying bald which is an adjective
What is a predicate adjective?
An adjective that follows a linking verb and MODIFIES the subject
Correct the following sentence:
Aaron was late, and he received a demerit.
Because Aaron was late, he received a demerit.
Correct the following sentence:
When twelve, my mother gave birth to my sister.
When I was twelve, my mother gave birth to my sister.
Identify the dependent clause in the following sentence and then tell its function, if its a noun, identify it as S, DO, IO, PN, OP or AP:
Whoso confesseth and forsaketh his sins shall have mercy.
Dependent clause: whoso confesseth and forsaketh, noun, subject
Identify the following phrase and its function, if applicable:
My knife slipping, I cut myself severely.
Phrase: my knife slipping
kind: nominative absolute
no function
What is an expletive?
A word that does not function grammatically in a sentence but does play a role in the sentence.
There is/are are usually expletives.
There are mice in the house vs. Mice are in the house
When everyone panicked, the earthquake struck.
When the earthquake struck, everyone panicked.
Correct the following sentence:
Because I took good care of myself, the flu never kept me from work this winter.
By taking good care of myself, I never had to take off work for the flu this winter.