Past Modals
Past modal of MUST
HAD TO
I missed the bus. I __________ (get up) earlier.
Should have got up
Who wrote Hamlet?
Who was Hamlet written by?
How is the passive formed?
be + past participle;
Name modals used for advice.
should, ought to,
When did John buy that car?
When was that car bought by John.
What is the difference between active and passive sentences?
Active sentences focus on the subject. Passive sentences focus on the object.
Past modal of CAN
COULD
What does Emma make every day?
What is made every day by Emma?
When do we use passives?
With transitive verbs when we want to focus on the object. When the agent is unknown or not important. "The magazine was started in 1888." When you want to avoid mentioning the agent. "Some mistakes were made in that article."
What is the form used with a past modal to express regret?
Modal + have + past participle
Have you ever built a house?
Has a house ever been built?
Name three active subjects we DO NOT need to use in passive.
People, someone, everybody, no one...
Nobody knows exactly why he died, but we think it_____________ an accident.
must have been
could have been
Were you reading a book all day yesterday?
Was a book being read all day yesterday?
What is more formal in written essays.
Passive