What property of matter describes the number of particles in a substance?
What is mass
100
What does little g stand for in physics calculations?
What is acceleration due to gravity toward the center of a planet.
100
In the solar system, the Sun exerts a force on Earth, directed toward the center of the Sun. How does Earth affect the Sun?
Earth also pulls on the Sun, toward the center of Earth. The Sun does not move toward Earth because it is so much more massive.
100
What word describes the maximum speed at which an object no longer accelerates when in free fall?
What is terminal velocity
100
The force of gravity causes the International Space Station (ISS) to fall to Earth, slow down, speed up, turn
What is turn (acceleration is always directed toward the center of the orbit)
200
What measurement of matter changes according to the mass of the planet it is sitting upon?
What is weight
200
What does big G stand for in physics calculations?
What is the Universal Gravitational Constant
200
When calculating the gravitational force between two large bodies (like Earth and the moon), at what point should the distance measurements be taken?
What is from the center of each body.
200
What forces are acting on an object while in free fall in Earth's atmosphere?
Gravitational force pulls the object down while air resistance pushes up.
200
If a satellite is orbiting Earth, the acceleration vector of the satellite points backward, forward, toward the center of Earth, outward from the center of Earth
What is toward the center of Earth
300
What two factors affect the weight of an object?
planetary gravity and mass
300
Since Jupiter is roughly 317 times larger than Earth, how much larger is the gravitational constant for Jupiter, compared to Earth?
Trick Question. The value of big G is UNIVERSAL. That means it is the same value EVERYWHERE in the universe.
300
Catastrophe! Fiendish aliens have pushed the moon away from Earth. It is now twice as far away as it used to be. What is the new gravitational force between the moon and Earth? 1/2, 1/4, 4x, 2x
What is 1/4 the original force
300
A bomb dropped from an F-22 Raptor jet is in free fall. It has a weight of 900 N and drag (air resistance) of 800 N. What is the direction and magnitude of the net force on the bomb?
The net fore is 100 N straight down
300
If an astronaut accidentally breaks her tether while on an EVA (extra vehicular activity) outside of the ISS, which direction should she throw her hammer to make it back to the ISS?
She should throw the hammer in the direction opposite the ISS, which will push her toward the ISS.
400
What is the equation used to calculate weight force?
What is Weight = mass*acceleration due to gravity W = mg
400
If acceleration due to gravity on Mars is 3.8 m/s^2, would an apple on Mars hit the surface with more or less force than an apple on Earth?
Acceleration due to gravity on Earth is 9.8 m/s^2, so the apple would hit the surface with about 1/3 times the force on Mars than on Earth.
400
Calculate the gravitational force between Earth (mass = 5.97 x 10^24 kg) and the Sun (mass = 1.99 x 10^30 kg) when their centers are 1.50 x 10^11 m apart.
3.52 x 10^22 N
400
A 4 kg smooth rock and a 1 kg rounded stone fall freely from rest from a height of 100 meters. After they fall for 2 seconds, the ratio of the rock's speed to the stone's speed is
The ratio is 1 to 1. They will be falling at the same speed because mass does not affect free fall speed - all round objects fall at 9.8 m/s^2
400
Which direction do the gravitational field lines surrounding Earth point?
What is toward the center of Earth
500
If an elephant has a mass of 2350 kg, what is its weight?
What is 23,030 Newtons
500
Since the moon is roughly 1/6 the volume and mass of Earth, what is its approximate acceleration due to gravity?
9.8 m/s^2 is the acceleration due to gravity on Earth, so this number divided by 6 is the acceleration due to gravity on the Moon, or about 1.6 m/s^2
500
A 70 kg student sits at a desk 2 meters away from a 100 kg student. What is the gravitational force between the two students. (Hint, G = 6.67 x 10^-11 m^3/kg*s^2)
What is 1.17 X 10^-7 N
500
True or False The moon is in Free Fall toward Earth
True (It doesn't hit earth because it falls at precisely the same speed as the curvature of Earth moves away from the moon.)
500
A meteor traveling toward the center of Venus at 3,000 m/s relative to Earth gets trapped in the tail of a comet which is traveling 2,000 m/s toward the center of Venus. What is the new velocity of the meteor relative to Earth?