Geography & Settlement
Because Greece is a peninsula surrounded by water, the Greeks became expert shipbuilders and sailors. Name two of the three seas bordering Greece
Aegean, Ionian, or Mediterranean
In this first form of Greek government (2000–800 BCE), power is held by one person, usually a king.
Monarchy
While Athens' economy was based on trade at the Agora, Sparta's economy relied on this.
Farming and conquering/taking land)
This massive empire was the common enemy that forced the Greek city-states to join together as allies.
Persian Empire (or Persians)
This "Father of History" wrote about the wars between the Greeks and the Persians
Herodotus
Traveling by land was difficult in Greece because of this geographic feature that covered much of the mainland.
steep rocky mountains
In an Oligarchy, power is shared by a few wealthy men known as these
Aristocrats
This city-state's government was an Oligarchy, where a small "Council of Elders" made the important decisions.
At this 490 BCE battle, the Greeks defeated the Persians even though they were outnumbered, and a messenger famously ran to Athens to deliver the news
The U.S. Capitol and Supreme Court buildings are examples of Greek influence on this field
Architecture - specifically columns
Because farmland was scarce, Greek communities often started these in distant places like Ionia, France, and Spain
Colonies
This type of ruler takes power by force, has no legal right to rule, but was often popular for promising more rights to the poor.
Tyranny or Tyrant
In Athens, the purpose of education was to produce good citizens; in Sparta, the purpose was to produce this.
Capable men and women who could fight/protect the city
At the Battle of Thermopylae, 300 Spartans famously held off the Persians at this type of narrow geographic feature.
Mountain Pass
This philosopher taught others by asking them questions to make them think about their beliefs.
Socrates
Before starting a colony, Greeks often consulted this "holy person" who they believed could communicate with the gods.
an Oracle
Athens practiced "Direct" Democracy, but the modern United States practices this version where we elect people to vote for us.
Representative Democracy
Athens economy relied on what?
This naval battle was won because the Greeks used their knowledge of coastal waterways to trap the large Persian ships in narrow channels.
Salamis
This branch of mathematics, involving points, lines, and planes, comes from the Greek word meaning "to measure the earth."
Geometry
To get the grain, timber, and metal they lacked, Greek merchants traded these two main mainland products.
Olive Oil and Pottery
This Athenian leader is known for rebuilding the city and ensuring even poor citizens could serve in government by paying them a salary.
Pericles
Sparta used heavy, iron bars for money to discourage this practice.
Trade with other city states
This final land battle ended the Persian Wars and any future threat from the Persian Empire.
Battle of Plataea
These games, first held in 776 BCE to honor Zeus, still happen every four years today.